ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to examine the effect of
communication on employee productivity in Public Sector. It also focus on the
role which modern communication technology plays in an organization.
Communication encompasses all affairs of life, this
research will discuss on the forms of communication barriers that can affect
effective communication in an organization
and possibly solution.
Research methodology is the specification of procedure
for collecting and analyzing the data necessary to help solve the research
problem. Meaning that this work also emphasized on the procedure that was used
to solve the problem so also how it was analyzed
and collected.
The research work was conducted by taking a sample of
employees in Lagos Television and it was also used as the case study.
Questionnaires were designed to gather information from the sample unit, in
order to test the hypotheses formulated. This made us to know if these
techniques really have significant effect on employees or not.
The conclusively part of this research work gave the
summary, conclusion and recommendation of the findings.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background
of the study
1.2 Objective
of the study
1.3 Scope
and Importance of the study
1.4 Significance
of the study
1.5 Statement
of the problem
1.6 Research
Question
1.7 Statement
of Hypothesis
1.8 Definition
of Terms
1.9 Historical
Background of the Organization
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature
Review
2.1 Role
of Communication in Organization
2.2 Organizational
Chart
2.2.1 Dimension
of Communication
2.2.2 Purpose
of Communication
2.2.3 Conclusion
necessary for effective Communication
2.2.4 Significance
of Communication
2.2.5 Barriers
to Effective Communication
2.2.6 Overcoming
the Barriers
2.3 Communication
and Productivity
2.3.1 Causes of Low Productivity
2.3.2 Leadership: How it affects Productivity
2.3.3 Motivation: How it affects productivity
2.4 Importance of Communication on Organization
Effectiveness
2.5
Appraisal of Literature
References
Chapter Three
3.0 Research
Methodology
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Questionnaire
3.3 Interview
3.4 Population
of the Study
3.5 Sample
and Sampling Techniques
3.6 Data
Collection Instrument
3.7 Administration
of Data collection Instrument
3.8 Technique
of Data Analysis
3.9 Limitations
Reference
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Distribution
of Responses According to State 1
4.2 Distribution
of Responses According to State 2
4.3 Distribution
of Responses According to State 3
4.4 Discussion
of Findings
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary of
Major Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
Communication is introduced in every organization to
properly implement the appropriate operation and procedures. Organizations in
different varieties specializes their own communication and manage it as well.
With the appropriate implementation of communication, all the unsettled
transactions and other conflicts can be easily resolved. Communication in
today's corporate world created an interest in most of the studies for the
researchers believe that one way or another, communication can dictate the
employee's performance.
Effective and rapid communication is a vital 'tool' of
management. Communication, in this context, can be defined as 'the conveying of
a message or an idea from one party to another in such a fashion that both
parties perceive its identical meaning'. In other words, not only must
information or instructions or even ideas be passed from one party to another,
but the receiving party must understand on the part of one or the other parties
which gives rise to errors, disagreements and disputes, so many of which could
be avoided with little care and thought (The Easilean, 1984; P. 49).
Communication has been described as the fabric that hold
people together in any social groups be it family, a club or a business
organization. It can be defined as the transfer of information from one person
to another. Communication is essential in the life of any organized groups as
it is the means by which members share ideas; transmit basic norms and values,
and coordinate group activities towards the achievement of set objectives.
Communication is good when it fosters an interchange of thought or information
and confidence. By implication therefore, good communication must not be
purposeful, it must be multidirectional and effective; Bello Ojodu (2001).
Effectiveness is when targets are met at a low cost. The
performance of an individual at work is a function
of certain factors, including his knowledge, skills, motivation, attitudes and
certain aspects of the environmental situation, which in turn include the
nature of the job, the rewards associated with his performance and
the leadership provided for him that breeds productivity. Olanrewaju J, Fapohunda (2002: 13).
Productivity is the elimination of waste in all forms. In
all human endeavours connected with economic activities, there is always an
investment of inputs in order to achieve our aims, goals and targets.
Productivity can be said to be a measure of what we achieve in terms, of
specific objectives to what we put in terms of resources. If management is
clear in its mind as to what it wants to achieve, and what its goals and
targets are, then the significance of productivity lies in less and less
consumption or real resource towards the attainment of pre-determined
objectives, (Chris. O. 1996; 292).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Communication plays an important role in the day to day
management of any enterprise, business organization and civil organizations. Communication
is an all important and elaborate affairs in which large budget and complex
machinery are devoted to its operation. Bello S.A.
(2001: 192).
What then, do we mean by effectiveness of communication
on productivity? Effective communication is one that produces the desired
effect. C. C. Nwachukwu (1992: 174). Communications
cuts across every section of the organization and when disseminated and
assimilated perfectly by employees, its result is increase in productivity on
the part of employee and the organization.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to ascertain the various
factors that communication can affect and how the various factors can
contribute to employee and organizational productivity. The study will attempt
to see the effect of communication on the following factors; Organizational
Effectiveness, Productivity, Leadership and Motivation.
1.3 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
The range of this research covers extensively employee
performance at a glance and how communication affects the productive level of
an organization.
Some importance of this study are as follows:
·
It will reduce
constant source of friction in the work situation.
·
It will contribute
greatly to a high level of morale in the organization.
·
It will show what
leadership style to adopt.
·
It will increase job
satisfaction.
·
It will increase
organizational effectiveness, which will result in high productivity.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Strong communication skills help to improve the leverage
of such interactions as opportunities for building consensus, and improving
efficiency. To improve organizational effectiveness, here is a need to develop
effective communication skills to influence others, motivate others and
facilitate change.
At the same time, there is need for listening skills in
order to be responsive, to solve people's cultivate productive relationships,
manage conflicts and build trust. Effective communication skills are all about
exploring everyone's viewpoint and finding the best solutions, thus
contributing to increase productivity.
1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The role of communication technology is very important in
all business organization and its significance cannot be over-emphasized, but
the rate at which it operates bring some problems to the organization because
of their inability to go for an enhancing communication technology system which
really eroded their (business organizations) plans and as a result some of the
business organizations have not been able to perform effectively.
Therefore, for this study, we are mostly concerned with
the effectiveness of modem communication technology or system suitable for both
effective and efficient on public sector.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
·
Does communication
have any effect on organizational effectiveness?
·
Does communication
have any effect on productivity?
·
Does communication
have any effect on decision making?
·
Does communication
have any effect on motivation?
1. 7 SSTATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1
Ho: There
will be high productivity if there is no constant information.
H1: There
will be high productivity if there is constant information.
Hypothesis 2
Ho:
Effective communication does not help in knowing what would motivate an
employee;
H1:
Effective
communication helps in knowing what would motivate an employee.
Hypothesis 3
Ho:
Communication does not bring about efficiency and effectiveness in an
organization.
H1: Communication
brings about efficiency and effectiveness in an organization.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Communication: This
is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a
common system of symbols, signs or behavior.
Productivity: This is the measure of how well resources are brought
together in organizations and utilized for accomplishing a set of results.
Organization. This is the formal structure of authority which work
subdivision are arranged, defined and coordinated for the defined objectives.
Efficiency: Producing
intended results, impressive striking.
1.9 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LAGOS TELEVISION
The return to civil rule in 1979 opened a new vista in
the political annals of Lagos state, which was created by a Military fiat on
May 27, 1967 with brigadier General Mobolaji Johnson (retd.) as the first
Governor.
The administration of Alhaji Lateef Jakande (1979-1980)
saw the need to establish its own television station, which would oil its
information dissemination machinery. This was perhaps informed by the fact that
the state government being on a different political platform from the Federal
Government, was not assured of adequate media coverage by federal Government
owned NTA.
Established in October 1980, Lagos Television commenced
transmission on November 9, 1 no initially on very high frequency (VHS) channel
5. The politic of that era was not without its intrigues and part of it was the stiff opposition of the federal
government to the operation of a state owned TV station on the VHS band.
When persuasion failed to make the state Government shift
grounds, the federal go~ernmf.nl employed subtle force by acquiring more
powerful gadget with which the LTV signals ion channels 5 were jammed. This
gave birth to the present NTA 2 channel 5.
A consensus was reached and LTV was allocated another
frequency- VHS channel 8 on which it operated for many years hence the
erstwhile famous call sign: LTV -8.
The formal review of the Nigerian communication laws as
well as the return of military rule in 1983 engendered a new dawn in
broadcasting as there was a firm directive that all TV stations apart from NTA
should be restricted.
To the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. In compliance, Lagos
Television moved to UHF channel 35.
Lagos Television has been a trail blazer right from
inception. Apart from being the first TV station outside the NTA family, the
station took the Nigerian TV industry by storm in the early 80s with the
introduction of a 60-hour non stop weekend transmission from 7pm on Fridays
till 7am or Mondays. The then Lagos weekend Television was the first marathon
TV station in Africa. It's
unprecedented public approval transformed TV viewership especially within the
Lagos precinct and brought a change in the call sign LTV/LWT.
It is pertinent to also mention that Lagos Television was
the first TV station in Nigeria to operate on two frequencies/bands - VHS and
UHF. This explains the station's payoff: The power of Television X2.
In September 1985, a mysterious midnight inferno consumed
the entire legacy of the station. It destroyed the studios, the Library,
offices and equipment even official records and personal effects of the staff were not spared. The
effects of the inferno are still felt today as the archives of the station had
gone up in flames.
For about one and a half decade, LTV remained in the
doldrums merely grappling to exist until the advert of the administration of
the Former governor of Lagos State Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu.
On assumption of office, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu called
for a blue print on the re-engineering and re-positioning of LTV. Satisfied
with what was presented and undaunted by the enormity of the capital outlay,
even in the midst of competing demands, he took the bull by the horns and gave
a fresh breath of life to the fledging station. This is almost taken for
granted, given the fact that a pioneer of LTV was then commissioner for
Information and Strategy Mr. Dele
Alake. The appointment of Lekan Ogunbanwo as the Permanent Secretary in
February 2005 also gave verve to the rejuvenation of the Station.
28 years after its first signal were beamed to discerning
Lagos viewers, Lagos Television; LTV still stands tall amongst its peers and
remains an enigma in the Nigerian TV industry.
With the encouragement and support of the Lagos State
Governor Mr. Babatunde Raji Fashola today the station has completed the
transformation from analogue to digital broadcasting, gone fully automated and
commenced 24hrs non-stop broadcasting.
Also LTV is now on cable satellite on Dstv channel 129
hence it can be received far and beyond the shores of the Nation. Another giant
stride is the Amuludun TV which is specifically devoted to transmission of Indigenous
programmes; a service provided for Hitv. .
In the area of extra broadcasting activities, it has
carved a niche as a truly people oriented station with the annual LTV family
Christmas funfair and the ultra modern event facilities.
No doubt LTV is still the pacesetting state owned
broadcasting station in the nation.
BROADCAST FREQUENCY AND REACH
The Broadcasting House is situated on Lateef Jakande
Road, Agidingbi near the State Secretariat at Alausa in the heart of the State
Capital, Ikeja, while the Transmitting Station is on a hilltop at Ikorodu,
which is 300 feet above sea level. The Antennae is placed on a 1,000 feet tall
mast, giving it a combined height of 1,300 feet above sea level.
This combined advantage ensures an effective coverage
area that spreads across the entire State (from Seme boarder to Epe) as well as
parts of Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo and Ekiti States spreading westwards to Lome,
Togo and stray signals reaching eastwards to parts of Edo, Delta and Rivers
States, and Northwards to parts of Kwara and Kogi States.
Past Chief
Executives
Mr Bisi Lawrence Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation
1978-80
Mr Ayo Okesanya GM Lagos state broadcasting corporation
1980-83
Prince Jide Akinbiyi GM 1983-85
Mr Ayo Okesanya GM 1985-87
Mrs Tomi Oguntayo GM 1987-89
Mr Oladele Bank - Olemoh, GM 1989-92
Engr. Ilesanmi ldowu GM 1992-96
Ms. Tola Edu Ag. GM 1996-97
Mr Jimi Odumosu G.M Lagos Television 1997-98
Mr Sina Elegbede GM Lagos Television 1998-2000
Mr Jimi Odumosu CEO (Later Perm Sec) LTV 2000- 2005
Mr Lekan Ogunbanwo 2005-till date
Present
Executives
Mr Lekan Ogunbanwo Permanent Secretary
Mr Ayo Agbesanwa Director Current Affairs
Mr Morakinyo Akinrinnade Director Admin
Alh Lukrnon Andu Director Programmes
Mr Hakeem Adewunmi Director Marketing
Mrs Funke Moore Director News
Mr Femi Durojaiye Head Production Service
Mr Lakin Aina-Badejo Head Engineering
Mr Lawrence Ojo Head Finance
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