INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL REWARDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES IN TERTIARY EDUCATION SPORTS

  • 0 Review(s)

Product Category: Projects

Product Code: 00001177

No of Pages: 70

No of Chapters: 5

File Format: Microsoft Word

Price :

$12

Abstract

Rewards have been found to be an important source of motivation. This study explored financial and non-financial rewards and its influence on the performance of student-athletes in tertiary institutions. This study was guided by research objectives, questions and hypotheses that included the   influence of cash rewards on the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports, the influence of scholarships on the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports, the influence of awards on the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports, the influence of health insurance on the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports.  Literature review covering relevant texts and documents on the research topic was done. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out among student-athletes in University of Lagos and Yaba College of Technology. A sample of 200 student-athletes were taken from the two tertiary institutions. The researcher administered questionnaires to the selected respondents for data collection. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used which included frequency tables and chi square for the hypotheses. The results of the study showed that: cash rewards had an influence on the performance of student-athletes; scholarships had an influence on the performance of student-athletes; awards had an influence on the performance of student-athletes; health insurance had an influence on the performance of student-athletes.

 

 

 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Title Pages                                                                                        i

Certification                                                                                      ii

Dedication                                                                                         iii

Acknowledgement                                                                             iv

Abstract                                                                                            v

Table of content                                                                                vi

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background to the study                                                                            1

Statement of the Problem                                                                           4

Purpose of the Study                                                                         5

Research Questions                                                                           6

Research Hypotheses                                                                        6

Significance of the Study                                                                   7

Delimitation of the study                                                                            7

Limitation of the Study                                                                     7

Operational Definition of Terms                                                       8


CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

The concept of rewards in sports                                                      10

 An examination of the influence of rewards on athletes                            12

An examination of the role of finance in the career of a student-athlete  14

An examination of non-financial rewards and how they influence athletes’ performance            15

The Importance of Motivation to Athletic Performance                   16

Organizational factors that motivate student-athletes             23

The concept of balance between sportsmanship and academics       24

Empirical findings on financial and non-financial rewards influence on athletes’ performance

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method                                                                              32

Population of the study                                                                    33

Sample and Sampling technique                                                       33

Research Instrument                                                                         33

Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument                               34

Procedure for Data Collection                                                           34

Method for Data Analysis                                                                 34

Pilot Study                                                                                        35

 

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Presentation of demographic data                                                    36

Analysis of research questions                                                                   38

Discussion of findings                                                                       47

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary                                                                                          50

Conclusion                                                                                        51

Recommendations                                                                                      51

Suggestions for further studies                                                                   52

References                                                                                         53

Appendix                                                                                          60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study

There is so much occurring in the world of collegiate sports today, and each institution is trying to bring the best out of its student-athletes. Rewards are considered an important tool to stimulate athletes’ performance. Management use rewards for athletes motivation, and so we can say that an attractive reward system attracts new athletes for the institution and motivate existing athletes to perform at high levels. Athletes give their good efforts for achieving goals and good effort depends on rewards. In other words, we can say that good rewards are the most important ways to engage the athletes with their duties.

 It is the genuine desire of every student-athlete to achieve success in their sporting career, to uplift the name of his tertiary institution and to be recognized. It is also the desire of each tertiary institution to have their athletes succeed at inter-collegiate sports and bring home the glory; however, this feat would be easier to achieve if these student-athletes are adequately motivated. Rising above competition to become successful as an athlete is not easy. It takes extra effort, extra ability and extra motivation (Hudson, 2006). 

 Wilson (2005), defined a reward as an external agent administered when a desired act or task is performed, which has controlling and informational properties. Hudson continued that, while rewards are typically delivered to increase the probability of a response, they can increase or decrease the probability of an event occurring. This study deals basically with two kinds of rewards which are: Financial and Non-financial. Hudson’s(2006) rhetoric about the  performance of student-athletes referred to financial rewards as monetary remunerations; while it pointed out that non-financial rewards could be in the form scholarships, recognition and exposure .

Humans are psychological beings, and as such, are susceptible to appreciation, recognition and rewards (Wilson,2005). Before we explore this study, it is important to examine what intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are and to reveal the difference between them.    Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from inside an individual rather than from any external or outside rewards, such as money or grades. The motivation comes from the pleasure one gets from the task itself or from the sense of satisfaction in completing or even working on a task.(Cassandra,2007).
In Cassandra’s example, an intrinsically motivated person will work on a math equation, for example, because it is enjoyable. Or an intrinsically motivated person will work on a solution to a problem because the challenge of finding a solution is provides a sense of pleasure. In neither case does the person work on the task because there is some reward involved, such as a prize, a payment, or in the case of students, a grade.

Intrinsic motivation does not mean, however, that a person will not seek rewards. It just means that such external rewards are not enough to keep a person motivated. An intrinsically motivated student, for example, may want to get a good grade on an assignment, but if the assignment does not interest that student, the possibility of a good grade is not enough to maintain that student's motivation to put any effort into the project.(Cassandra,2007).

Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to motivation that comes from outside an individual. The motivating factors are external, or outside, rewards such as money or grades. These rewards provide satisfaction and pleasure that the task itself may not provide. (Cassandra,2007).

Lauridsen (2010) noted that an extrinsically motivated person will work on a task even when they have little interest in it because of the anticipated satisfaction they will get from some reward. The rewards can be something as minor as a smiley face to something major like fame or fortune. For example, an extrinsically motivated person who dislikes math may work hard on a math equation because want the reward for completing it. In the case of a student, the reward would be a good grade on an assignment or in the class.( Lauridsen, 2010).

Explaining further, Lauridsen (2010) noted that extrinsic motivation does not mean  that a person will not get any pleasure from working on or completing a task. It just means that the pleasure they anticipate from some external reward will continue to be a motivator even when the task to be done holds little or no interest. An extrinsically motivated student, for example, may dislike an assignment, may find it boring, or may have no interest in the subject, but the possibility of a good grade will be enough to keep the student motivated in order for him or her to put forth the effort to do well on a task. (Lauridsen, 2010).

While some researchers viewed reward system as a positive cycle whereby each reward serves as a positive reinforcement for further achievement (Bear,2006;Harlow,2008), other researchers concluded that extrinsic rewards, under which financial and non-financial rewards are classified, are disadvantageous to continuous achievements(Rang,2003;Berridge, 2012).  Based on the foregoing, it becomes obvious that the athletic performance of a student-athlete could somehow be influenced through the medium of rewards. This study examines the impact of these rewards.


Statement of the Problem

Sportsmanship has become part of university culture all over the world – and Nigerian universities are no exception. Each university aims to achieve recognition and excellence in all aspects of its curriculum, a vital part of which sports is. It is important to note that intercollegiate competitions in the world, and in this case, Nigeria, appear to get keener year in year out, with each higher institution trying to outfox the others and claim the bragging rights.

Lots of speculations and hypotheses have been proposed as to how this sporting success can be achieved, with each higher institution trying to motivate its athletes with the resources at its disposal. What this study aims to unravel is how monetary rewards and non-financial rewards such as scholarships spur or deter university athletes in their quest for athletic glory.


Purpose of the Study

 This research seeks to examine the influence of financial rewards on the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports. This study will also determine whether granting of scholarships will influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports. Furthermore this study seeks to determine whether financial rewards are an effective motivational strategy. This study also seeks to determine whether financial rewards are an effective motivational strategy for athletes. Lastly, this study seeks to determine whether a robust sports center will influence student-athletes’ athletic performance.

 

Research Questions

The following research questions were answered in this study:

1.        Will cash rewards influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports?

2.        Will granting of scholarships influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports?

3.        Will awards be an effective motivational strategy to athletes?

4.        Will health insurance influence student-athletes’ athletic performance?


Research Hypotheses

The following hypotheses were tested in this study

1.      Cash rewards will not significantly influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports.

2.       Granting of scholarships to athletes will not significantly influence their performance of in tertiary education sports.

3.     Awards will not significantly influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports.

4.     Health insurance will not significantly influence the performance of athletes in tertiary education sports.

 

Significance of the Study 

The findings of this study might be of benefit to coaches, sports instructors and school sports authorities because it will promote a deeper understanding of the motivational background of the contemporary student-athlete. It will also further enhance the understanding of coaches and managers of student-athletes on how rewards, whether financial or non-financial should be disbursed to bring about greater athletic performance. Lastly, the findings of this study might add to the body of knowledge in psychology of sports.


Delimitation of the study

This study was delimited to the Impact of financial and non-financial rewards on athlete performance in tertiary institution sports in Lagos state using descriptive survey research method and the Chi-square statistical tool. It covered student-athletes in University of Lagos (UNILAG), Akoka, Lagos and Yaba College of Technology (YABATECH).


Limitation of the Study

A research of this caliber would have needed a greater time investment in carrying it out. However, this study was limited by time constraint, because the researcher had to shuffle time between this research and his enormous academic work.


Operational Definition of Terms

Athlete: A student who is also a sportsman or woman in a tertiary institution.

Financial rewards:  Monetary remunerations given to an tertiary institution athlete for his/her achievement at tertiary institution competitions

Motivation: Something that spurs a student-athlete to engage in a sporting activity or to improve in it. 

Non-financial rewards: These refer to rewards given to tertiary institution athletes that come in non-financial forms such as scholarships, recognition, etc.

Tertiary Institution Sports: These are sporting activities that are organized within tertiary institutions or between them.



Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects

FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!

+(234) 0814 780 1594

Buyers has the right to create dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when you experience issue with the file received. 

Dispute can only be created when you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of contents and content of the file you received. 

ProjectShelve.com shall either provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and Conditions are applied.

Buyers are expected to confirm that the material you are paying for is available on our website ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.

In case of payment for a material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that is available on our website within 48 hours.

You cannot change topic after receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.

Ratings & Reviews

0.0

No Review Found.


To Review


To Comment