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Product Category: Projects
Product Code: 00000641
No of Pages: 56
No of Chapters: 5
File Format: Microsoft Word
Price :
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ABSTRACT
The project was focused on the execution of
route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along
Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected
along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specifications
Theodolite traverse was run over stations,
while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the
traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the
controls, these were used to produce the plans (with appropriate scale) showing
horizontal alignment, profile and cross-sections.
TABLES OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
…………………………………………………………………………i
1.3.0
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
3.2.2.2 LEVEL INSTRUMENT TEST (TWO PEG TEST)
4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1.1 HORIZONTAL ANGLE REDUCTION
4.1.2 VERTICAL ANGLE REDUCTION
4.1.3 LINEAR MEASUREMENT REDUCTION
4.2.1.4
COORDINATES ADJUSTMENTS
4.2.3
LEVELING COMPUTATION AND ADJUSTMENTS
4.6 INFORMATION PRESENTATION (ANALOG AND
DIGITAL)
5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND
CONCLUSION
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1.1: Study Area diagram
Figure
3.2: Leveling instrument set up mid-way (first set -up)
Figure
3.3: Leveling instrument set up( second set up)
Figure
3.4 Initial control check observations
Figure
3.6 A typical monument used
Figure
3.7: Longitudinal sections leveling.
Figure
3.8: Cross sectional leveling.
Fig.:
3.9 – Illustration of detailing by tacheometry method
Table
3.1: Coordinates of existing ground controls used
Table
3.3: Initial control check observation.
Table
3.4: Back computation of initial control used
Closing
control check observation.
Back
computation of initial control used
Table
4.1 Sample of Horizontal angle reduction
Table
4.1 Back computation of traverse pegs
Engineering Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels, dams, pipelines and transmission lines.
In the word of engineering and environmental
studies, surveying has been recognized as the inevitable operation been described
as be the bedrock of every meaningful development. The greater part of its
responsibility is seen from the various types of surveying which are all geared
toward promoting route ways, convenience, accessibility and spatial declination
of both natural and social environment. In addition, surveying means the
activities of planning, designing, constructions, development and
rehabilitation of roads, depending on the survey data required by the surveyor.
Route
survey which is an aspect of engineering survey may be defined as the survey
operation that is done for the establishment of the horizontal and vertical
alignment of transportation facilities. It involved: planning, design and
setting out of any route such as railways, highways, pipelines and canals etc.
as obtained by a surveyor and it also involved the proper assessment of natural
and man-made features.
In addition, this type of survey
should be applied when there is need for alignment, expansion, or
rehabilitation at any existing route (road) e.g. for traffic purposes. The
reason is that route survey provides a plan/map that shows the alignment,
details, profile and cross sectional leveling which depicts the nature of the
terrain of a given strip of land which serves the purpose of location, design and
construction of route networks.
Good road network is one of the
basic amenities needed by human being as movement is one of the characteristics
of living things. There are needs for people to move from one place to the
other and transportation of goods and services. Therefore for any meaningful
development in a country, good road is a must.
It was discovered that the route
from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town Area,
had been badly eroded and full of potholes; also, the road is found to be too
narrow and needed to be extended considering the volume of traffic plying the
road. Rehabilitation of this road should be carried out in other to increase
its carrying capacity thereby increase the physical development and human
activities therein. Due to these, certain information about the road must be
acquired which calls for route survey so as to get the baseline data necessary
for the road design.
The main aims of
this project are as follows:
(i)
To carry out route survey of the road in the project
area for the purpose of acquitting students with the techniques involved in
route survey .i.e. to test the abilities of students on how to plan, execute
and to produce plans, charts or maps showing a proposed road for future
development in a given area.
(ii) To acquire necessary data required for
the engineering design of the road.
(iii) To produce both horizontal and vertical
alignment plans of the route survey running from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road,
Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Atiba local govt. area.
(iv) To serve as a requisite for the award of
National Diploma in Surveying and Geo-informatics at Federal School of
Surveying, Oyo, Oyo-State.
In actualization
of the said aim of the project, the following objectives
Were followed
sequentially:
(i)
Reconnaissance which include office planning and field
reconnaissance.
(ii)
Identification of existing features and adjoining
roads.
(iii)
Stability of the ground controls to be use for orientation.
(iv)
Determination of centre line and marking of chainages
along the centre line at an interval of 30m.
(v)
Marking out some selected points for the
cross-sectioning at 7.5m and 15m intervals to the right and left on the profile
and also the edges of drainage was marked.
(vi)
Tertiary theodolite traverse to determine the
reallocation and orientation of the road way.
(vii)
Leveling to determine the height of some selected
points along the road.
(viii)
Detailing by the use of a total station (Leica TC600).
(ix)
Plan production (graphical representation of the
surveyed road way) drawn with appropriate scale.
(x)
Reports write up.
The following
are the specification to be ascertained in the project:
(i)
Traverse must commence on three coordinated (known)
controls and closed on another set of three coordinated controls which must be
confirmed undisturbed by necessary measurement (control checks).
(ii)
Third order theodolite traverse must be run along the
route on all turning points at one zero observation and the angular
difference from both faces should not be
more than thirty seconds (30"), the angular misclosure is determined by
30"√n,
Where
‘n’ is the total number of station observed.
(iii)
Establishing traverse points by using pegs together
with nails and bottle corks.
(iv)
Spirit leveling must commence on a known benchmark and
closed back on another known benchmark. Formulae for its misclosure are
±24mm√k, where ‘k’ is the total distance covered in kilometers.
(v)
Leveling must be observed at every 25m intervals on the
centre line and at 3,3m (6m) intervals on both sides of the centre line for the
cross sectioning. Edges of drainage at both sides should be heightened.
(vi)
Fixing of relevant features to enhance assessment and
necessary composition for good interpretation of plan.
(vii)
Astronomical observations at the longest distance
traverse line.
(viii)
Setting out curve by using deflection angle method
within third other survey.
(ix)
The accuracy of the project must fall within the order
of the project.
The entire project covered the
following:-
(i)
Reconnaissance
(both office planning and field reconnaissance).
(ii)
Data
acquisition:
(a) Selection of stations.
(b) Traverse (theodolite) angular observation
and data recording.
(c) Linear measurement with the aid
of Leica TC600 total station.
(d) Spirit leveling of traverse
centre line and adjacent sides (longitudinal or profile and cross sectioning).
(e) Fixing of details by tacheometry
method.
(iii)Computations to determine:
(a) Horizontal coordinates (i.e. x and y coordinates)
(b) Vertical coordinates (i.e. z coordinates) by level reduction.
(c) Setting out angles and distance
for the curve.
(iii)
Data
analysis i.e. comparing result obtained with the required accuracy.
(iv)
Data
presentation :
(a) Production of horizontal alignment (i.e. plan showing existing features and the propose route).
(b) Production
of longitudinal section plan
(c) Production
of cross section plan
(d)Project
report writing: - This involves writing of detail report in connection with
entire project done in conformity with the outline given by the project
supervisor.
The
underlisted names are the personnel that participated in the execution of this
project. They are:
(i) AWOTOKUN
TOLULOPE BUKUNMI 2012/3832(Writer)
(ii) AJEIGBE
JOSEPH OLUSOLA 2013/4091
(iii) FAJEMBOLA
EMMANUEL MAYOWA 2013/4164
(iv) OJO OLAOTAN
OLAREWAJU 2013/4232
(v) AZEEZ MALIK
OLALEKAN 2013/4131
(vi) OLAJORI
JUMOKE RUKAYAT
2013/4258
(vii) IYOWU KAYODE
ABIDEMI
2013/4189
(viii) ADEWUYI TAYO
ADEWUMI 2013/4073
(ix)ADEGBOYEGA
TAIWO JOSHUA 2013/4050
The
project site is the route from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of
Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Atiba local government area, Oyo, Oyo state. It cover
approximately 3.000km extent of land. It lies on the latitude 07º 51.137’ 00”,
longitude 03° 57.46’ 00” and latitude 07° 52.505’ 00”, longitude 03° 56.774’
00”
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