APPRAISAL OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT CONCEPT AS A STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

CHAPTER ONE

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The need for the production function is to make up with the growing complexity of industrial needs has brought about the concept of material management.

Modern management has expanded the traditional scope of purchasing and procuring to cover the entire material management process. Thus Lee and Dubler (1983) define material management as a confederacy of traditional material activities bound by a common idea, and of intergraded management approach to planning. Acquisition, conversion, flow and distribution of production material from the raw material state to the finished product state.

The concept also provide for delegation of responsibility and authority with regards to procurement and supply of material. The concept also recognizes the importance of the principle of accountability by providing a management approach which is responsible for all decisions.

Through material management, there is relatively recent concept much through has been given to it particularly since World War II, when industries all over the world were awoken to the fact that tremendous economies could be achieved by sufficient material management. The concept is today relevant to business organization because they will have a centralize body responsibility for buying with the overall advantage of procuring standard material at possible bulk. Disco unit and obtaining special vender relation. It means that spending valuable money is in the heart of people who are trained and competent for this job.

Frequently, it is found that material are expensive and in order to reduce overall costs, it require the close cooperation and co-ordination of material and other user department to ensure that material ordered are made to arrive only when they are needed, the benefit of this approach is that of cost reduction and maximization of the company’s profit.

Thus, the growing need for efficient operation of material management is increased in recent time.

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM

As earlier indicated, the significance of material management has been recognized by most industries in Nigeria, now a days, in most companies in Nigeria, attempts have been made towards operating on intergraded approach to their material problems thus, one often finds in such companies such position. As supplier materials manager, material controller etc yet often is critical analysis of this system of operation. One often discovers that the actual practice of material management is not ready carried out. More often than this material management functions are handled by any individual without acquiring the necessary skills, giving the impression that even accountants administrators, engineers and lawyers etc have the knowledge to perform the material management function. This is wrong as they do not have at their disposal all the knowledge and expertise they acquired to fulfill there duties effectively. There is also ignorance on the past of most top management of the maximum benefit that will be derived from applying the concept into an organization to maximize the company profit.

Improper planning is another area of problem which entails effective and efficient requisition handling instruction of the finished products.

1.3  OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The motivating factor that led the researcher to choose the research topic is that, apart from the project been one of the prerequisites for the award of higher diploma in production and operations management, the researcher has always seen the essence of material management in an organization.

This couple with the experience the researcher had during her industrial attachment training motivated her towards writing this project. As a student who really wants to be versed, the researcher fills that it is an opportunity for her to research into the field of material management and to see herself the cartages in the field.

Lastly, it is hoped that the research will serve as a guide to fellow student who would also like to make further research in this field, and to benefit the school by keeping it in the library for reference purposes, in view of the above the researcher has decided.

1.4 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis is a conjectural preposition, an uninformed intelligent guess about the solution to a problem. It is an assumption or proposition whose validity is to be established. For the purpose of this study, the following hypothesis is used.

H₀:  the application of material management techniques dose not increase the profitability of an organization.       

H₁: the application of material management techniques increase the profitability of an organization

1.5  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is to benefit both the research and readers, for it makes for a very interesting and educational reading, since the study will attempt to make every thing in detail which will attract readers and future readers.

The research hypothesis and date analysis will also enable organization to determine whether or not effective application of material management technique increase the profitability of an organization.

1.6  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Material management being a complex and dynamitic concept has a wide area of coverage so it is obvious that research of this nature cannot hold without problem. As such the work limited to the area. the researcher face are crucial or relevant to the problem under investigation that is effective material management as a tool toward organizational profitability in manufacturing organization.

1.7  LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

A study of this nature will normally entails investigation into a variety of issues to be able to achieve a comprehensive study of the problems, a lot of constraint would be encountered in form of collection of data, lack of adequate information and scarcity of researchers infrastructures. As a result of this, certain limitation will be imposed on the are to be covered.

First and foremost, inaccessibility of data (collection of data) to provide the necessary information were difficult to acquire, especially the financial figures, some of the employees who co-operated were not in better possession of the facts and figures necessary in this project.

Secondly, limited area of study, there are many section in the organisation of all forms of materials, however, the researchers intension is to concentrate only on the materials store for the project. This project apparently pose serious limitation to this project and the researcher has to work with data that are available.

Thirdly, there are hardly many writers on the subject matter, therefore text books on this topic are scare, so the information was gathered from books of accounting and purchasing, internet. Also due to the nature of the co-operation NNPC (KRPC) have adopted strict security measure to non-organisation staff following the trend of events which posed problem to this write up.

fourthly, the study will be confirmed to KRPC who do to have a library section which would have ease the researcher by providing an information containing its comprehensive details of its operational background from inception.

Lastly, there were difficulty of securing valid personal or confidential information and the uncertainty of receiving adequate number of responses to represent satisfactory sample.

1.8  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.

The Kaduna refinery and petro-chemical company (KRPC) was commissioned in 1980 as NNPC of wholly owed by limited liability Company of NNPC in the 3^rd number 1998, November the company and allied matter act of 1968. It is the third refinery in the country. It was established to cope with the growing demand for petroleum product especially in the Northern part of the country; the refinery was design to process both Nigeria and imported crude oil into fuels tubes product. In December 1985, the fuel section of the refinery was successfully bottle needed form 50,000 BPSD to BSPD. In march 1988, the 300000 mt per annum petrol-chemical plant was commissioned. The petrol-chemical plant, being a demonstration plant of the refinery devices its entire raw materials including utility supplies from the refinery in an attempt at commercialization of NNPC in the back year,(refinery and the petro-chemical plant) a form a single subsidiary company of NNPC Nigeria national petroleum company known as the Kaduna refinery and petrol-chemical company limited (KRPC) as it is today, KRPC occupies an equipment to approximately 1.8km square, KRPC is made up to two main division namely: Director who report to the managing director. However there are department that report directly to the managing director and are regarded as the managing directors division.

Managers heading the department report to their respective executive directors and those under the managing director report directly to him. The products commonly associated with the Nigeria national petroleum corporation are petrol, kerosene, diesel and aviation, these help to power economy as fuels for the transportation sector so critical in our daily social-economy interaction.

Fuel oils from the KRPC are essential energy input for industrial production, supply has steadily increase overtime, thereby reducing down time and increasing industrial capacity utilization for power generation for domestic use, industrial small scale production, among others.

       The refinery primary produces the following petroleum       product.

1            PMS

2            LPG :- Liquid petroleum gas

3            Fuel oil

4            Black oil production of industries

5            Kerosene

6            LAB- Linear alky/benzene production for the manufacturing of liquid detergent and pharmaceutical production

7            Asphalt

8             Wax

9            Lube base oil

The refinery designed process was carried out by Chiyoda chemical engineering and Construction Company.

1.9  DEFINITION OF TERMS

Management: it is a process of achieving organizational objective through an efficient utilization of materials and human resources.

Stock: The quality of goods supplies retrieved into a stock house and being held for sometimes.

Ware Housing:     This is basically designed to bridge the gab between the mass production of the producer and the batch requirement of the consumers.

Quality Control: A system of programming and coordinating the effort of the various groups in an organization to maintain or improve generally at an economical level, which allows for customer satisfaction

Purchasing: Is the activity directed to secure by legal means, the material supplies, service and equipment in the operation of an enterprises.

Expedition: Is the continually mounting of orders place with the supply to see that they have receive it at the time is already planed for their use.

Surplus: Materials which are excess of a firms operational requirement of the excess over the normally requirement.

Profitability: A firm ability to earn a profit and potential for        future earning.

Effectiveness: The optimal organization relationship among time determination, production, efficiency, satisfaction, adeptness and development.

Efficiency: Measures of production relative to impact of human and other resource.