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Product Category: Projects
Product Code: 00005006
No of Pages: 62
No of Chapters: 5
File Format: Microsoft Word
Price :
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This
study focus on influence of teachers’ welfare on students academic performance
in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi
State. Four purpose and research questions guided the study. The population of the study is made up of 300
teachers drawn across the six (6) schools selected for the study. Simple random
sampling technique was used to select the number of schools used for the
research, while 300 teachers were used as the sample size due to its
researchable size. At the same time
instrument used for the data collection was questionnaire, which contains 28
items. The response on the questionnaire item were used to answer the research
questions and mean scores of ratings of the item were computed and used as a
guide in analyzing the data. The findings of the study shows that teachers
welfare influence student academic performance to a high extent. The
educational implications and recommendations which were based on the findings
were made and consequently limitations and suggestions for further study were
clearly highlighted; Summary and conclusion were also stated
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
Welfare Strategies in Motivating Teachers13
How Salary and Working Condition Affect Students Performance16
Impact of Workshop, Seminar and Conference Programmes21
Impact of Promotion as at When Due22
Teacher’s role in the Pursuance of Quality and Standard
Education22
Review of Related Empirical Studies25
Summary of the Reviewed Literature28
Sample and Sampling Techniques31
Instrument for Data Collection31
Validation of the Instrument32
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION
OF FINDING, SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
Educational Implications of the Study 48
Suggestion for Further studies49
Table 4: Mean Response on the Strategies for improving
Teachers Welfare
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Education has been recognized as the fundamental basis on which any nation could function effectively. Its socio-political and economic depends solely on the qualitative education given to her citizen. Any nation that wants to be recognized as a developed country must build its human resource firmly. Hence, a country is said to be developed if the majority of her populace is highly educated Therefore, those that impact the needed knowledge or those that build or mould the character should be attainted and motivated adequately, knowing that their welfare is the key to performance and improvement. Hence, it is believed that a motivated teacher always complete the tasks set for him, even when such task is difficult or seen uninteresting. Teachers are a central actor in the learning process that takes place in schools, and teachers are the power tools for improving quality education through effective classroom practices in secondary schools (Davison, 2011). Attitudes and effectiveness can vary depending on the incentives they face. Pay structure is potentially an incentive-tool in the hands of the education policy maker, and merit pay proposals have important recently been discussed in several countries and applied in some. However, the issue of whether linking teachers pay to student performance is an effective means of improving that performance has been contentious in educational debates. According to Geeta and Francis (2010) that causality is established as running from higher wage to improved student achievement, the relationship is open to alternative interpretations. One is that a positive impact from wages onto achievement reflects the fact that higher wages likely attract better quality people into the pool for applicants for teaching jobs. A second interpretation is that higher pay raises achievement by raising the effort of existing teachers. In terms of the efficiency wage theory, better paid teachers are likely to work harder in order to increase the chance of retaining their more valuable jobs. The paper will test these alternative explanations of the wage effect on student achievement. According to Patrick and Jane (2013), Teacher incentive is the idea that has been received with divergent views. The proponents of teacher incentive programmes believe that teacher incentives are meant to boost teacher motivation and effectiveness resulting in high productivity and increased pupil performance. On the other hand, opponents of the idea argue that monetary incentives, especially of small amounts, tend to crowed out intrinsic motivation and lead to inferior outcomes (Jacob, 2011). One hypothesis, as explained by Hanushek (2010), maintains that rewarding teachers for students achievement gains will improve student achievement by attracting more effective teachers to the field or improving the effectiveness of existing teachers. According to brain (2011) Education is one of the most important avenues through which governments can address concerns of economic growth and equity. Human capital plays a substantial role in the economic growth of nations (Topel 2012) and, in the past two decades, skill biased technical change has increased the returns to schooling, exacerbating wage inequality between the most and least educated members of our society (Katz and Murphy 2010). At the same time, cognitive ability has become an increasingly important determinant of labor market success in this country.
Aware
of the importance of education, economists have spent considerable effort
examining what factors affect academic achievement. There is a large literature
on the importance of financial resources in determining educational outcomes.'
However, researchers have paid considerably less attention to remedial programs
designed to improve the performance of low achieving students, including summer
school and grade retention (Eide and Showalter, 2011).
In Nigeria, Mathematics is a compulsory
subject up to secondary school level. During the last couple of years,
performance in Mathematics in National examination has dropped significantly
and this has been a major concern for the society. The West Africa Examination
Council has continued to raise concerns over the poor performance in Senior
Secondary Certificate Examination. Many teachers have left teaching in public
schools for greener pastures in better paying private schools as a result of
lack of motivation and incentives needed. Students in most public schools are
disadvantaged in that the classes are overcrowded and they do not have adequate
learning facilities. In some instances, they lack adequate textbooks and
laboratory equipments. This is in sharp
contrast to private schools where the numbers of students are few as there are
adequate facilities and the teachers are willing to go an extra mile to ensure
that the students perform well in examination but the willingness to go an
extra mile to ensure good students performance may be frustrated when there is
no motivation and encouragement to the side of the teachers. Although, it is
believed that the reward for the teachers is in heaven, but there is no doubt
about the fact that if the limited or no motivation for the teachers in terms
of incentives and innovation it may drastically reduce their morale which may
in turn have a negative impact on students performance. The few teachers on the
government payroll are poorly remunerated as a result most of them take up part
time employment or private business enterprise in order to make ends means.
This greatly reduces their commitment to the teaching (which demands for sacrifice).
However, lack of motivations for the teachers may influence their dedication to
teaching work. Poor performance of student in mathematics may also be as a
result of teachers not being dedicated to their duties which may in turn have
effects on students academic goal setting which apace affect individual who has
set lower goals for themselves(Aremu, Ayotola, 2000). The role of teachers in
national building and natural development cannot be washed away -Anibeze- Vanguard Newspapper 2012 – page 12 gives priority
to teachers welfare.
Welfare can be seen as the availability of
recourses and presence of conditions required for reasonable, comfortable,
healthy and secure living for teachers which include good working condition,
secured environment for academic business, regular promotion, in-services
training, regular payment of salary and among other work incentive that aid the
teachers performance standard.
One of the important factors in
realizing educational aims and objectives in student’s academic performance is
the role of the teacher’s welfare within the educational set up. The
performance of the student towards achieving educational goals is said to be
very important in most society today. The negative performance of student
towards an educational aims and objectives could be associated to the low
attention on teacher’s welfare. It is generally believed that children from
high and middle socio-economic status parent are better exposed to a learning
environment at home because of provision and availability for extra learning
facilities and attended a private school while children from a very low
socio-economic status family will attend a public school and may not have any
opportunity to expose to a better learning environment where teachers are
highly motivated. Teachers have the biggest impact on the success and flaws of
students` academic performance because their teaching motivations are
instrumental in helping them learn and one approach is likely to produce
different results from another. Teachers` motivation to undertake a task
depends on their expected reward. Efficient teaching and moral will take place
when there is strong motivation in terms of wages and innovation from both
employers, also the students` performance
sometimes may serve as a motivation for the teachers in other to perform
efficient in the subject. This motivation may be aroused by either extrinsic or
intrinsic stimuli both of which are important in directing and regulating the
learner’s behaviour towards attainment
of the desired goals(Jacob,2001). Teachers must therefore be motivated through
various ways which may include the organization of seminars and workshops,
upgrading test, performance appraisal, timely payment of salary and wage,
providing the required physical facilities like laboratories and verbal
encouragements for student etc. This would go a long way in motivating the
teachers which will in turn improving the students` performance(Topel,2010).
These results have generated increased interest in the study of mechanisms that
may raise achievement through teachers, including increasing teacher training,
improving teachers' pay or strengthening teacher incentives (Lazear 2011]. In
fact, teacher incentives, either individual or collective, may improve student
achievement if they succeed in aligning the public or even social goals with
the goals of the teachers.
The main purpose of this study is to
examine the impact of teacher’s welfare on students academic Performance in
some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi states.
Specifically the study is determine to;
1. Investigate
the influence of regular payment of teacher’s salary on student’s academic
performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government
Area.
2. Find
out the influence of regular promotion of teachers as at when due on students
academic Performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local
Government Area.
3. Examine
the influence of academic workshop, seminar and conference program on teachers
effective teaching and learning on student’s academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu
Local Government Area
4. Fine
out the strategies for improving on teachers’ welfare on students’ academic
performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area.
It
is clear that the structure, nature and composition of academic performance in
every school is functionally dependent on the welfare of the teachers. However,
the teachers are often limited by many factors in preparing the students for
effective teaching and learning development. The findings of this study will be
of great importance to the government, the curriculum planners, school
administrators, the students and the entire society.
To the government, the findings of this study will guide the Government
on decision making and the need to make provision for teacher’s welfare
To the curriculum planners the findings and recommendations of the study
will guide the curriculum planners on the need to incorporate the welfare of
the teachers in consideration of the their different need and background. That
could lay a proper foundation of academic performance on students. The school administrators will also fine the
recommendations of this study in understanding reasons behinds the poor
performance of the students as a result of negligence on teacher’s welfare
To the entire society, the findings and
recommendations of this study will be of a great benefit to anybody who has
interest in knowing the problems and strategies of impact of teacher’s welfare
on students academic performance
This
study focused on the school factors necessary for improving students academic
performance in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study also
focuses on the effect of regular payment of teachers salary on students
academic performance, influence of regular promotion of teachers as at when
due. It also sought to identify the joint effects of those factors necessary
for improving students academic performance and the need for improving on
teachers welfare.
This
study is delimited to identify those factors necessary for improving on
student’s academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu
Local Government Area of Ebonyi state.
1. How
does regular payment of teachers’ salary influence the students’ academic
performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area
2. How
does the approval of seminar, conference and workshop for the teachers,
influence the teaching and learning process in some selected secondary
schools in Ishielu Local Government
Area
3. How
does constant promotion of teachers influence the students’ academic
performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area
4. How
does the strategies for improving on teacher’s welfare influence students’
academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local
Government Area.
In
this study, three null hypotheses were tested for significance level at 0.05
margin of error.
Ho1: There
is no significant difference in the mean response of schools in urban and rural
areas on regular payment of teachers salary on students academic performance
Ho2: There
is no significant difference in the mean response of private and public schools on
the impact of regular promotion of teachers as at when due on students
academic performance
Ho3: There
is no significant difference in the mean responds of Literate and illiterate teachers on how
seminar and conference program affects academic performance.
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