ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on measles infection among patients attending Ringim General Hospital, Jigawa State. A total number of 185 subjects were screened at Ringim General Hospital from October to December 2020. The results show that individuals who did not received at least one dose of measles vaccine had the highest prevalence, 72.5 percent, while those who received at least one dose of measles vaccine had a prevalence of 27.5%. The prevalence of measles infection was seen among children of age bracket of 0 to 5 years age bracket which covered (35.5%) due to the parent/guardian for various reasons.          The percentage prevalence of measles infection among children of three to five years is 96 (48%), followed by 0 to 5 years with 30 (37.5%) for male and 50(62.5%)for female, 6-12 years with 37 (51.4%) for male and 35 (48.6%) for female, 13 to above years 18 (54.54%) for male and 15 (45.45%) for female, this result indicate that the body building of children under five years immunological setting is working in terms of body immunity.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page         ……………………………………………………………………………….....i

Declaration………………………………………………………………………………….....ii

Certification…………………………………………………………………………………..iii

Approval page…………………………………………………………………………….…..iv

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………..v

Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………….…vi

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………….vii

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 Statement of the Research Problem ………………………………………………………2

1.2 Justification of the Study …………………………………………………….……………3

1.3 Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………………3

1.4 Aim and Objectives …………………………………...…………………………………..3

1.5. Research Limitation………………………………………………………………………3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review   …………………………………………………………………………4

2.1 History of measles infection ………………………………………………………………7

2.2 Life cycle of measle infection……………………………………………………………..7

2.3 Incidence of measiles infection……………………………………………………………8

2.4 Epidemiology of measles infection………………………………………………………..8

2.5 Diagnosis of measles infection…………………………………………………………….9

2.6 Sign and symptoms of measles infection………………………………………………….9

2.7 Prognosis of measles infection…………………………………………………………...10

2.8 Treatment of measles infection…………………………………………………………..10

2.9 Prevention and control of measles infection……………………………………………..11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………….12

3.1 Study Area            ……………………………………………………………………………….12

3.2 Population of the Study ………………………………………………………………….12

3.3 Method of Data Collection……………………………………………………………….13

3.4       Statistical Analysis…………………………………………………………………...13

3.4 Ethical Issue……………………………………………………………………………...13

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result Presentation/Interpretation and Discussion……………………………………....14

4.5 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………18

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations…………………………………………..21

5.1 Summary   ……………………………………………………………………………….21

5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….21

5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………….22

      References………………………………………………………………….…………….23

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Measles is a highly contagious systematic viral illness caused by RNA virus of the genus morbillivirus, in the family paramyxoviridea (Gerald et.al., 2000). Human and primate are the only natural host of the measles virus, the main symptoms are fever, dry cough, red eyes, light sensitivity, a runny nose, sore throat, white spot in the mouth a characteristic that typically start on the first and spread down the body to the trunk and legs, (Gerald et. al., 2000). Most of the people recover within a couple of weeks but up to 20% develop complication that may include an ear infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, area or blindness, people who are malnourished, have a Vitamin A deficiency or have compromised immune system, are frequently more severely affected. Women who are pregnant when they are infected with measles are at greater risk of miscarriage or of premature labour (Gerald et.al., 2000).

Before the measles vaccine was introduced, almost all children caught the disease. In the United States and other highly populated populous rare sporadic cause may occur in susceptible persons of any age, although disease is likely to occur in those born before 1959, before the time Moses was highly endemic and most person acquired measles during childhood (Cherry et. al., 1992).

Measles is now extremely rare in developing countries, because of the successes of developing countries where the nation is responsible for approximately I million deaths worldwide each year; almost all of the children recover with the measles in developing countries. It is also leading cause of blindness in those regions. Global eradication of measles with next to 10-20 years in feasible morbidity and mortality, particularly in developed countries, despite the introduction of inadequate measles virus vaccine which have greatly reduced in the 1960 (Ishiwad, 1993). The window period of infection for infants lies between the disappearing of maternal antibody protection and vaccine administration (Helland, 1997).Infection is transmitted via airborne exposure from coughing, sneezing or close contact with nasal secretion, measles virus remain active in air for 2 hours. It enters the body through respiratory system and spread systematically by infection lymphoid cells. Infection and spreading is complex process. Structure and protection of measles virus are important determination virus tropisms and pathogenesis (Horikami,1995). Measles outbreak can result in epidemic that cause many deaths, especially among young malnourished children. In countries where missiles has from other countries remain an important sources of infection (Babanniyi et. al, 1995).

Severe complications from measles can be avoided through supportive care that ensure good nutrition, adequate fluid intake and good treatment of dehydration with who recommended oral rehydration solution. Risk Solutions replaced flute and other essential elements that are lostthrough the area to treat eye and car infection and pneumonia, (Adetunji   2007).

All children in developing countries diagnosed with measles should collect two doses of Vitamin A supplements, given 24 hours apart, treatment restore low vitamin A Level or even in well-nourished children and can help to prevent eye damage and blindness. Vitamin A supplement have shown to reduce the number of deaths from measles infection by 15%, (Adetunji   2007).

1.1 Statement of the Research Problem

Measles infection is the major problem in our community today. It is widely spread every day and large of children have been infected with the disease, the community and people are encouraged to have an ideal knowledge of measles prevention and control since the disease kills each and every gender (male and female) and causing further infection to children.

Most of the inhabitants within the study area do not practice good hygiene, particularly those living down the rural areas. This disease caused by morbillivirus, which is mostly seen in the winter and spring. It's spread from one child to another through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat. Sometimes, it is spread through airborne droplets (from a cough or sneeze) from an infected child.

However, there are no sufficient health workers to counsel the citizen on how to organized themselves in order to be free from such disease. Hence, this research work intends to examine these obstacles to effective good health and free people from Measles within the study area.

1.2 Justification of the Study

Measles infection is one of the endemic diseases that infect human. The project is designed to survey the prevalence of measles infection which needs to be defined and ruled out among children attending Ringim General Hospital. This information is necessary in any attempt to access physical. Weakness of measles among children.

1.3 Significance of the Study

Lower income, lower education, low-rated employment and physical complications adversely affect the quality of life of patients with Measles Infection. Such factors need to be addressed by physicians managing these patients. Hence, a study of this kind can help us to identify the problem, the causes and provide possible ways of reducing the number of treatment, cost and mortality.

1.4  Aim and Objectives

1.4.1 Aim

The Aim of this research is to establish the occurrence of measles infection among children attending Ringim General Hospital, Jigawa State.

1.4.2 Objectives

        i.            To determine whether there is association between the measles infection and their residences.

      ii.            To determine the level of infection among children.

1.5. Research Limitation

This work is limited to the data obtained from Ringim General Hospital. The Hospital receives many patients every day more especially from Ringim Local Government and villages round the area. For this reason the result of this data was apply to the entire Ringim General Hospital over the period of 2020 from October to December.