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Product Category: Projects
Product Code: 00008520
No of Pages: 27
No of Chapters: 5
File Format: Microsoft Word
Price :
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Tuberculosis (TB), though a curable infectious disease, remains one of the leading causes of death in adults. It is also a major public health concern in Nigeria. This study was to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection among patient attending Dutse General Hospital, Jigawa State. A retrospective study was carried out consisting of all documented Register of Tuberculosis from January 2022 to July 2023. Out of 656 patients tested a total of 139 cases of Tuberculosis was recorded, which represented the highest prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection among age groups of 31 - 45 years ( 43.2%),followed by 46 - 60(33.8%) 16 - 30(16.56%) ,61 - 75(5.02%) and 76 - above (1.43%).The highest prevalence among gender were males of 86.3% and 13.7% in females.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
OF THE STUDY
2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV CO - INFECTION
2.3 CAUSES OF
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV CO-INFECTION
2.4 SIGN AND
SYPTOMS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV CO-INFECTION
2.8 TREATMENT OF
MYCOBACTERIUMTUBERCULOSIS AND HIV CO-INFECTION
2.9 PREVENTION
AND CONTROL OF MYCOBACTERIUMTUBERCULOSIS AND HIV CO-INFECTION
3.5 SAMPLE AND
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) ranks
above HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent,
and as one of the 10 most common causes of mortality. Annually, millions of
people are infected with the dreaded TB and HIV disease. HIV infection and
other factors such as malnutrition, smoking, diabetes and alcohol consumption
have been associated with the development of new TB disease. Total mortality
for TB in 2017 was estimated at 1.6 million, and about a fifth of these deaths
was due to TB/HIV co infection. Also, of the 10 million people newly infected
with TB in 2017, 9-10th were adults, out of which about a tenth were HIV
positive. About two-third of those that were HIV positive were located in
Africa and eight countries including Nigeria contributed to two-third of this
10 million new infections. TB-HIV co-infection has accounted for the gap in the
management and control of TB in the World Health Organization (WHO) African
region due to the high prevalence of this co-infection (WHO, 2018).
The TB and HIV duo are of grave
public health concern, and if urgent control strategies are not put in place,
this may hinder the attainment of SDGs in developing countries. About a quarter
of the world's population are estimated to have a latent TB infection. HIV
infection weakens the human defence mechanism and is one of the individual most
important risk factor capable of reactivating latent TB disease to active
disease. Furthermore, HIV positive individuals who get exposed to TB bacilli
are reported to be 37 times more at risk of developing active TB disease than
HIV-negative individuals (WHO, 2011).
According to 2018 global TB report, Nigeria is one of the 30 Tb high burden countries contributing to about 90% of world TB cases and has a burden of 219/100,000 population (inclusive of TB-HIV co-infection) WHO., (2018). It also has a TB-HIV co-infection mortality rate of 18/100,000 population. About a tenth of HIV-positive patients in Nigeria are infected with TB. However, according to the current Nigerian HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) report, the current HIV prevalence in Nigeria stands at 1.4% while the TB-HIV co-infection was reported to be 19.1%.
Tuberculosis infection is one of the major public health challenge and the most common opportunistic infection among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Delayed treatment of tuberculosis leads to the increase in death rate among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human immunodeficiency virus HIV is the maximum familiar risk factor for tuberculosis, and coincident infection with human immunodeficiency virus is the leading cause of morbidity and deaths in patients with HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) (Vahdatin et al., 2013; Ghaffari-Fam et al., 2015).The research problem addressed in this study is to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection among patient attending Dutse General Hospital. Therefore its important to understand the prevalence and risk factors associated with this co-infection will allow health care Professionals to determine the infection rate.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The findings from this research can contribute to a broader understanding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection burden and its implications at Dutse General Hospital. The study's results can aid healthcare practitioners in implementing targeted interventions for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection.
The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection among patients attending Dutse General Hospital
The specific objectives include:
1.
To determine the
prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and HIV co-infection among patients attending Dutse General Hospital.
2.
To determine the
prevalence of infection rate among both different age groups.
3. To determine the prevalence of infection among gender.
As a time factor, the scope of this research narrowed down to fit the time limit, for this reason, research was limited among documented register of mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co- infection among patient attending Dutse General Hospital.
MTB: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
TST: Tuberculin Skin
Test
ART: Antiretroviral
Therapy
CDC: Centre for the
disease control and infection
WHO: World Health Organization
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