ABSTRACT
This study
examines the school Administrative problems and teachers’ welfare in Lagos
State, Survey research design was adopted for the study and 120 questionnaires
were used. Given a response rate of 60%. A five–point Likert scale question was
developed to collect information from the respondents. The data were analysed
and hypotheses were tested, using descriptive statistics and statistical graph
respectively. The core findings of the study showed that school administrative
problems has been studied from the view point that its frame work can be
influenced by some environmental factors such as financing accessibility,
government policy, family and community support. Among this factors government
policy, has a negative significant on the dependent of school administrator and
this affected all the other factors that would enhance growth and development
of the organisation. The study revealed that there is positive relationship
between school administrative traits, and the researcher has established that
there are existing relationship between administrative activity and the
teachers’ welfare from the reviewed literature. The study revealed that fact
that administrative activity in this context are either ignored or given a
secondary place, there by veiling the major problem that should be given
attention. This study reveals the fact that administrative factors play both a
triggering and supportive role to teachers welfare in Lagos state. This study
therefore recommends that school administrators should endeavour to take
advantage of teacher’s welfare in their organisation by seeking advice and
counseling from experts from the Lagos State Ministry of Education. The
government should make policy that will positively enhance the accessibility of
administrators to the required funds and to help the sector improve their
services towards teacher’s welfare especially in Lagos State District II.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Administrative Problem
2.2 Teachers welfare in Lagos State
2.3 Solution to school administrative problems
2.4 Elements of school administrative problems
2.5 The Qualification of teachers
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population
of the study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Research Instruments
3.6 Validity
of Research Instrument
3.7 Reliability
of the Research Instrument
3.8 Method
of Data Collection
3.9 Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Presentation
4.3 hypothesis testing
CHAPTER
FIVE
DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
5.1 Discussion
of Findings
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendations
Reference
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
School
administrative problems have become part and parcel of human organizations
worldwide. This indeed is a paradox because of the amount of energy and
resources expanded by organizations to prevent and resolve problems Flippo
(1980) attempted on explanation when he remarked that, “ a total absence of
problem are being suppressed”. The inevitability of problem was also
established by “Herold Kerzner of change and therefore inevitable. It is there
not an aberration that to expect problems in the administration of schools in
Lagos state district II Shomolu. The nature and types of problems that occur in
school administration vary from one school to another.
The
Administrative school Max Weber, reasoning that any goal-oriented organization
consisting of thousands of individual would require the carefully controlled
regulation of its activities, the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920)
developed a theory of bureaucratic Administrative that stressed the need for a
strictly authority. He considered the ideal organization administrative
organization to be a leader whose activities and objectives were rationally
though out and whose divisions labour were explicitly spell out believed that
technical competence should be emphasized and that performance evolutions
should be made entirely on the basis of Max School Administrator is one who
oversees a complex unit such as an organization, a subsidiary or an independent
operating division.
In
the school administrator is to achieve success in guiding the growth of student
in the current Nigerian social and educational setting, he must be an
individual who is not content to work in conventional, expedient, or naïve
ways. He must, on the contrary, be a student of and pedient work consistently
through basic education and administrative principles he must furthermore
utilize his Administrative in inculcating in his staff the same professional
ideal and practice.
One
of the most variable and yet probably most essential requirement of an
administrator who is to be successful is his personality or personal qualities.
The wide scope of his functions indicates that he must deal with great number
of persons in a variety of relationship: with those above his in authority
whether the board of education or associate, assistant, or district
superintendent and with those below in the persons of special supervisors, teacher
clerks, and custodians. Even more important, he must develop diplomatic yet
effective relations with parents and community leaders, he will be a
considerable degree a middleman in a hierarchy of authority, carrying out
policies and plans of his superiors and at the same time showing administrative
with collaborating associates in initiating and developing plans and procedures
for his own sphere of the educational program.
The
school administrator must then, have the personal traits both of a good
follower and of a successful leader. He usually serves in local community, but
he must be able to envision his work as a part of the great service of
educating all the children and youth of the state. He is continually dealing
with personalities, and personal equation will be a recurring factor in his
work.
An
administrator must be an educational leader, a superior organizer, a skilled
administrator, a wise supervisor, and a strong executive and general manager.
The number and variety of roles he is obliged to assume make heavy demand on
his personality. Accordingly, he should possess. The trait of a good leaders
and be optimistic.
Several,
reasons have been advanced for not increasing teacher’s pay. Recently a writer
suggested that since teachers have longer holiday time than other professional
they should utilize that period by engage in other forms of income generation
to avoid stretching the national budget towards the ‘less important’ components
within the sector. Teachers on their parts have failed to present their just
cause and instead adopted coercive mechanism.
Some
overboard statement were uttered that teachers are easily replaceable unlike
the health workers.
Successful
teaching combines professionalism and talent. Many teachers have left the
profession.
They
have prospered individually but diminished the growth and advancement of the
education sector.
Private
schools have smuggled skilled teachers by offering them better pay. Parents are
force to sacrifice hardly to access their services.
The
efflux of teachers has robbed prospective rural children of mentors and role
models: Government should adopt methods of promoting science education which
includes proper training, development and remuneration of teachers’ right from
primary. If there are no funds then let this be one of the priorities at the
outset of the oil boom.
Since
teacher welfare can affect how students perceive the course materials, it has
been found that teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the curse materials and
students can affect a positive learning experience towards the course material.
If teacher’s welfare are attractive it will leads to increasing a student’s
interest by variety, novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher’s
presentation of the materials. In the past, teachers welfare have been
relatively low, including the payment of salaries. However, average teacher
salaries (welfare) have improved rapidly in recent years.
Teachers
with more experience and higher education earn more than those with standard
greatly depend on state, relative cost of living, and grade taught.
In
addition to monetary compensation, public school teacher’s may also enjoy
greater benefit (like health insurance, accommodation).
Compared
to other occupations.
Teachers
provides instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational
training, the arts, religion, civics, community role’s or life skills.
The
past three-years period has seen a further decrease in the amount of systematic
research reported in the area of teacher welfare. The importance of this
decline in research interest in general welfare of teachers is accentuated by
the fact that during the period the number of person emerged in teaching and
related educational tasks has risen to a new higher. Tip or range.
Among
the factors contributed to the welfare of individual teacher that have been
treated most expensively in the recent literature are: (a) economic security as
guaranteed by adequate salaries, provisions for retirement illness, and tenure
of position. The working conditions, including length of school day, pupil
load, character of assignments and tasks, availability of teaching materials
and general character of teacher’s physical surroundings. Much of the
literature reflects a tendency to view the welfare of the teacher as important
chiefly as it affects that of the pupils and teacher’s effectiveness in the
teaching situation.
This
is clearly indicated in most of the articles concerned with the improvement of
economic welfare and with those that deal with mental health and adjustment.
(Huggett 15), discussing the point of view adopted by the NEA representative
assemble in 1949, stated the characteristic position of the professional as
follows. “Teacher welfare is a valid cause only when it will result in better
educational services to youngsters”.
Statement of the Problem
The
economic growth (down turn) in Nigeria in the last two decades has led to poor
salaries and welfare for workers and the introduction of minimum wages.
The
attendant disparity incomes and inflation has produced great dissatisfaction
and agitation among teacher’s worker in Lagos State which has often resulted to
disputes and problems in schools in Lagos State.
This
has become a major concern for school administrators in both public and
privates schools setting that in federal schools because of the disparity in
salaries and remunerations. That exist between the two specifically secondary
school workers in Lagos State had cause to protest against poor pay, and
unsatisfactory condition of services. Most often, the problem were suppressed
with the neglect of other methods problem resolution. Consequently, this has
dampened the moral of teachers and others workers in the educational sector in
the Lagos State.
This
is effect has affected their performance. To accumulate a series of problems
without devising appropriate means of managing them, is like sitting on a key
go gun power, which could explode at anytime. The United Nations international
children’s Emergency fund (UNICEF, 1995) lent credence to this point: “Problems
when not dealt with constructively often explode into violence”. The attitude
of school administrators in Lagos state have not helped much as some of the
problems centered on their personality, administrative and leadership style.
Just as the principal were involved so also were the other members of staff and
the students.
In
good situation Administrator can be generous but in bad situation wage increase
constitutes an addition to cost of production, therefore, Administrator is
unwilling to increase the wage. In schools that have periodic rare revision,
the amount of increase in subject to the condition facing the management.
Administrator looks at its budget to estimate the percentage of total payroll
that can be accepted as wage increase (Gardener and Moore, 1955).
The
read to correct the problem of inefficiency of resources. The Administrator
faces shortages of school resources such as instructional materials, or
physical resources which includes buildings, classrooms, laboratories,
libraries, hostels, administrative staff offices, technical equipment and other
physical plant like machines, vehicles computer sets, typewriters, duplicating
and photocopy machines.
Purpose of the Study
1.
To
find out the relationship between the school Administrator and teachers
2.
The
type or the nature of the school control by the administrator.
3.
To
examine the role of the administrator in teacher’s welfare
4.
To
examine the philosophy of the government in educational sector.
5.
To
find out the strategies that school administrators can use to promote the
school
6.
To
examine the curriculum that will be suitable to inculcate the student.
Research Questions
1. What is the relationship between teachers and
administrator in a school set up?
2. What is the relationship between the
public and private administrator?
3. In which ways can school administrators
solve the problems of teacher welfare’s in Lagos State?
4. What is the role of the government in
stemming down the rate of problems in the educational sector in secondary
schools?
5. What is the role of the administrator who runs
a school system with his/her staff?
6. What is the relationship between the
teachers student and the administrator in educational curriculum.
Research
Hypotheses
1.
There
is no significant relationship between school administrative problem that can
affect teacher’s welfare
2.
There
is no relationship between school administrator and Lagos State Government
3.
There
is no significant relationship between public and private administrative system
Significance
of the Study
The
significance of this study is predicated on the need for a peaceful
atmosphere conducive for learning and academic exercise. The significant also
lies in the hope that finding may be of benefits to the Lagos State Ministry of
Education, who will study and understand the factors affecting the school
administrators problems and teachers welfare in Education District II in Lagos State,
and The National Manpower Board (NMB).
The study serves as a guide to the
administrators, Head teachers, Board of Governors, Parents Teachers Association.
Again, it will enable public secondary schools proprietors to be able to plan
systematic for a peaceful and conducive environment. It will enhance the
government to build more schools or provide subsidy to private school. Proprietors
in order to reduce the price of education. In this way government would have
interfered with allocation of resources to the benefit of the people.
Through Decree No. 18 of May 1991, the
NMB became an autonomous Federal Government Parastatal mandated to research and
advise to co-ordinate and promote the optimal development (training) and
utilization (employment) of Nigeria’s human resources. With the new status in
other to formulate manpower development and utilization of policies and
programmes of federal state and local governments. It will also enable the National
Manpower Board to collect, data, collate, analyze and publish manpower and
employment information data.
Scope
of the Study
The work will examine the school
administrative problems and teacher’s welfare in Lagos state with a view to
explore three selected schools in district II Shomolu Lagos. The study is
limited to three selected secondary schools due to limited time and financial
resources.
Definition
of Terms
Administrators: Are people who attempt to achieve
stated objectives of an organization by directing human activities (men,
materials, machines and money) in the production of services. An administrator
is a person who achieve and accomplishes the goals of the management by
supervising one or more people in he formal organization.
Teachers: A teacher is one whose occupation is
to impact or share knowledge to the learners. He is the one who has a good
understanding of what the student needs to learn from him/her.
Therefore, anybody who possesses the
know-what know-how and ability to judge can be said to be a teacher. The
teacher acts as a resource person and provides his students with needed
information at all times. He stimulates and arouses the interest of the
student. He participates in the production and packaging of curriculum
materials through self improvisation.
Welfare: Welfare is an issue, which has
exercised the minds of economists for quit a long time welfare implies three
things, namely, increase in come, how these increase are distributed in the
economy and benefit-cost resulting from investment.
Education: Is an instrument for effecting
national development. It can be defined as the production and reproduction of
knowledge of people way of life (i.e. their culture) with the aim of preserving
and maintaining the social order and charges in the society.
School: A school is an institution designed
for learning and teaching of student under the direction of a teacher or an
expert. A school is a place
where learning takes place. Where the acquisition of knowledge is required form
“cradle to the grave” with a standard and a conducive environment for learning
activities.
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