ABSTRACT
Tourism is related to traveling
which means movement or journey by people from their homes to another place for
minimum and maximum period of time.
Tourism is a broad industry from which the host community and the
country entirely benefit in terms of economic (as major foreign exchange in
balance of payment) social culture promoter, political and creates good image
of the host country. Hospitality
industry is a diversified industry which deals with warmth reception and
comfortability of visitors especially the tourist who needs food, drink and
accommodation from the industry at their destination.
This project is carried out to
enlighten the public on the relationship between tourism and hospitality
industry and to show some benefits hospitality industry can derive from
tourism. It also contain the needs of
the tourist and reason for the public to be more hospitable, informed and
invest in the industry without fear. Lagos State
was chosen for the appraisal of some hospitality industry and tourist
attraction so as to make it possible far discussion on all the basic amenities
required and level of standard of service required by the visitor. Also to appraise the social and economic
benefits derived by hospitality industry from tourism.
There were questionnaires of
thirty – six questions in all. The
questionnaires were divided into three parts.
The first for guest / tourist, second the hoteliers and third the other
class of people e.g. students.
The questionnaire were
administered to Chelsea
suite Festac town, Whispering paln Iworo Badagry, Lagos Airport Hotel Ikeja,
slave relies museum badagry, Slave Port Badagry, Yaba College of Technology students
and Yaba College secondary school yaba. Three hundred and questionnaire fifty was
distributed and only two hundred and twenty were turned.
The returned questionnaires were
uses to interprete the result. Some
textbooks were used and some photographs of tourist centres and hotel structure
and their services were pasted.
However, hotels are the principal
mode of hospitality industry that offer and supply the tourist with what they
need and want. In the process guarantee
comfort and satisfaction for the tourists and in turn receive the worth for the
service rendered. These come in form of
good image social acceptability and promotes the country’s culture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to Study
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Scope of the study
1.4 General Objective of the study
1.5 Significance of study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Research Question and Hypothesis
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1
Literature
Review
2.2
Historical
Development of Tourism
2.3
History
of the Tourism in Nigeria
2.4
The
Relationship between Tourism and Hospitality Industry
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1
Research
Methodology
3.2
Background
Information on place of study
3.3
Preliminary
Visit to place of study
3.4
Selection
of Samples
3.5
Socio-economic
data of respondents
3.6
Instrument
for data collection
3.7
Method
and Techniques of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Analysis and Presentation of Data
4.1 Preamble
4.2 Section A
4.3 Section B Guest / Tourist only
4.4 Hoteliers (Operators only)
4.5 Others (Student, Civil Servants Businessmen)
4.6 General
CHAPTER
FIVE
Discussion
5.1
Interpretation
of Result
5.2
Implication
of study
5.3
Conclusion
5.4
Recommendation
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO STUDY
Tourism has been
defined by different Scholars in various ways, for instance, tourism may be
through the relationships and phenomenon arising out of the journey and
temporary stay of people traveling primarily for leisure or recreation purpose.
Okpara, A. (2001May
13) defined tourism as that industry which cater for the need of those away
from home. The industry cover the
selling of services such as accommodation, transportation (air, road, water and
rail entertainments, souvenir and other service that gave satisfaction to
visitors in a particular place. Thus
from the analogy, tourism is a phenomenohal of multiple professions it
encompasses the following occupation:-
-
Natural
discovery, excavation and preservation
-
Transportation
through Air, Sea, Road and Rail
-
Traveling
or touring documentation and facilitation.
-
Hotel
Accommodation and Catering
-
Cultural
and social exchanges
-
Auxiliary,
service like banking, postal communication medical and so on.
Also with its root in
nature development and the dynamic activities of man tourism across the entire
professions involves man, animals, herbs and even mother earth.
Therefore, it is the
mother of all industries. Tourism is a
hybrid of a most primitive industry with its involvement in nature conservation
and the most advanced industries in its catering for man’s need, taste and
fashion. Tourism as a conglomeration of
all industries undoubtedly engages the largest population of man in its revenue
generating capacity. This is why it is
being regarded as a gold mine if well harnessed.
Apart from the early
origins when tourism was basically for political religious and academic purpose
it can now be said to be an unrivalled commercial and industrial sources of
revenue globally.
Countries like Kenya, Brazil, Columbia, Thailand
Singapore,
Cuba,
Italy,
Saudi Arabia,
Switzerland,
Malaysia,
Netherlands
and many others derived a substantial part of their foreign exchange income
from tourism.
In these and other
countries tourism have prove to be catalyst required for the growth of the other
industries.
Ogunlade, (1997)
defined tourism as the migration of people, families and groups outside the
normal residential place for a limited period of time and they make the choice
themselves.
Furthermore, Oludiran
(1995) stated that tourism is an instrument to create social peace; it levels
out the incomes of the people and reduce tensions between the rich and the poor
and little tension within the population because there is not such a big
difference between the very rich and the poor.
Also he said, it is
important to note that investments of tourism is long run not only for the sake
of tourist but they are very important for the local population and due to
development of tourist, one is not confronted with flow of people from the
rural areas to the cities.
Valerile Smith (1997)
identified several types of tourism based on travel experiences provided at the
various destinations and these are
-
Ethnic Tourism:- This type of tourism is for the
purpose of observing the cultural expression and life style of people in the
tourism destination.
-
Cultural Tourism:- This entails traveling or experience
or at times participating in varnishing life style that lies within human
memory.
-
Historical Tourism:- This is traveling to place of
historical values to learn about events of the past eg a visit to Badagry to
see slave chain used in the past.
-
Eco-Tourism:- This is a types of tourism in
which one travels to appreciate the work of nature, which may include flora
fauna, various landscape or landform etc.
-
Recreation Tourism:- This is a kind of tourism which
involve participation on sport and social contact in a relaxed
environment. Such areas often include
remote area, sandy beach.
-
Business Tourism:- This is characterized as
convention meetings, seminars at places different from one’s place of
residence.
In this wise, tourism
is said to be incomplete in the absence of hospitality industry, which
guarantees the comfort of the Tourist from the time of arrival to departure
time.
Facilities provided
for tourist fall into two main categories:-
-
Those
which are common to all types of resorts wherever they may be located,
providing for general tourists needs such as accommodation, catering,
entertainment, leisure and relaxation.
-
Those
which are identified with particular localities utilizing the resources of the
site and surrounding for more specific pursuit increation which characterized
the nature of the resort e.g. seaside mountain etc.
Hospitality industry
see to the well being of the tourists at their destination during their stay
such as providing accommodation, food, drink, relaxation, sight seeing and
other services.
Hence hospitality
industry is an important branch of Tourism, which cannot be neglected. Hospitality industry develops side by side
with ‘Tourism in order to meet the demand of the prospective buyers of Tourism.
A tourist that is
leaving his home for another place where he has no relation will need a place
to rest his head in the night or a place to relax after business. Nigeria is classified as one of the
most hospital environment in the world because of her rich tradition which
endowed her with pleasure, hospitality and accommodating behaviour with
brotherhood and sisterhood tradition.
Hospitality industry
has an important and expanding role to play in improving the nation’s economy
through tourism industry. Hospitality is
of different categories, ranging from image created at the embassy and
indigenous hospitality received by the tourists.
The hospitality
industry itself comprises the hotel, motel, guests houses, hostel and social
centres etc. The later group is what
this project will expatiate mostly on.
The industry is of different types namely intra-state, inter state,
international or regional depending on the reasons and interest of the tourist.
Nigeria is blessed
with variety of tourism potentials, such as Rivers, mountains, sea, beaches,
water falls, landscape, historical monuments, crafts pottery, game reserves,
zoo forest, wild-life, golden sand of Victoria beaches, sun, warm springs,
diversity of culture, exotic food, oceans, markets and numerous festivities.
In no doubt Nigeria is a
land of adventure and excitement, if tourism is developed properly, will
improve the economic situation of the country.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The rate of
development with tourist attractions in other countries of the world is so great
but in Nigeria
lack of security, economic and social level, socio-political factor and to
great extent accommodation and catering which is expensive where it exist in Nigeria and not
existing in some places. All these, keep
tourist away from Nigeria.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research covers
various aspect of hospitality industry and tourism, benefit that are derive
from tourism by hospitality industry, government and the populace as a
whole. Also the rate of tourism and
tourism products that hospitality industries supply to make comfortable and
record reasonable returns.
1.4 GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To establish the
inseperatable linkage between tourism and hospital industry.
THE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
-
To
identify the relationship between tourism hospitality industry.
-
To
enlighten the operators of hospitality industry on the needs of the tourist.
-
To
create awareness to the public and private investors of the benefit that can be
derive from contributing and investing in the development of hospitality industry.
-
To
identify the need for government to develop tourism and hospitality industry in
Lagos State.
-
To
know the effects of tourism on the environment, people and culture.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The success stories
of tourism in countries like Kenya,
Egypt,
India
and the caribean Island are proofs that this
sector of the economy is a major foreign exchange earners. Hence this study lead to revival of
hospitality industry in Lagos State by examining and critically assessing
tourism as a base factor for socio – economic development of the hospitality
industry.
1.6
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
During the course of
the research, Nigeria Development and Tourism Co-operation (NDTC) was visited
for data on hotels and tourist attractions in Lagos State but information was
not given on time for excuses that hotels are still registering and so
information are still under processing.
Also non availability
of enough time to cover some of the areas that are involved and useful data
from the focused hotels and tourist centre are the other factor that limit the
extent of this study.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS
RESEARCH QUESTION
To what extent can
Tourism development be increase in Lagos
State.
What would government
do to assist hospitality industry in Nigeria to meet international
standard.
HYPOTHESIS
Ho Increase in Tourism development leads to
increase in returns of the hospitality industry.
Hi Increase in Tourism development does not
lead to increase in returns of the hospitality industry.
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