ABSTRACT
This
study investigated the Indiscriminate solid wastes disposal as a determining
factor of environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government
Area of Lagos State. Six research hypotheses were tested. The descriptive
survey research design was adopted for the study. Convenient sampling technique
was used to pick five hundred residents as participants for the study. The
related literature were reviewed; Concept of Environment, Environment and
Security, Factors associated with Insecurity in a Community, Roles of
Government in Environmental Insecurity, Concept of Waste and Types, Waste and
Waste Management in Lagos Metropolis, Past and Current Efforts at Addressing
the Problem of Waste Disposal and Management in Lagos, The Issues of Waste Collection
and Disposal, and Appraisal of Literature Reviewed. The research instrument
used was a modified Rennis Likert Rating Scale Questionnaire type. Data were
analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages while
the hypotheses were tested using the inferential statistics of t-test at 0.05
level of significance. Three (3) hypotheses were rejected while three (3) were
accepted. Findings revealed that adequate funding of domestic waste management
has influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo area of
Lagos State. Provision of trained waste managers have no influence on
environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo area of Lagos State,
effective monitoring and control have influence on environmental insecurity
among residents of Ejigbo area of Lagos State, adequate modern technology in
implementing efficient waste management methods have no influence on
environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo area in Lagos State,
awareness campaign have influence on environmental insecurity among residents
of Ejigbo area in Lagos State and grassroots participation programmes have no
influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo area in Lagos
State. This study concluded that adequate funding for domestic waste management agencies,
effective monitoring and control, awareness campaign influence solid waste
disposal as a determinant of insecurity among Ejigbo residents. Also, provision
of trained/professional waste managers, adequate modern technology
in implementing efficient waste management methods and grassroots participation
programmes have no influence on solid wastes disposal as a determining factor
of environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area of
Lagos State. A few recommendations were made
such as provision
fund for the running of waste collection and management within the states,
provision of qualified heath personnel in the management of waste collection
and reduction, create a comprehensive waste action plan, divert organic waste
from landfill by creating composting opportunities and educate the public on
recyclable material processing and eco-conscious purchasing practices.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
page
Certification
………………………………………………………… ii
Dedication
…………………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgement
…………………………………………………… iv
Abstract
……………………………………………………………… vi
Table
of content ……………………………………………………… vii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
…………………………………………………………… 1
Statement
of the problem ……………………………………………... 3
Purpose
of the study …………………………………………………... 3
Significance
of the study ……………………………………………… 4
Research
question …………………………………………………….. 4
Research
hypotheses ………………………………………………….. 5
Limitations
…………………………………………………………… 5
Delimitation
…………………………………………………………... 6
Definition
of terms ……………………………………………………. 6
CHAPTER TWO
Review
of related literature …………………………………………… 7
Concept of Environment ……………………………………………… 8
Environment and Security …………………………………………… 12
Factors associated with Insecurity in a
Community …………… ……. 16
Roles of Government in Environmental
Insecurity …………………. 19
Concept of Waste and Types
………………………………………..... 24
Waste and Waste Management in Lagos
Metropolis …………………. 25
Past and Current Efforts at Addressing the
Problem of
Waste Disposal and Management in Lagos
………………………….. 27
The Issues of Waste Collection and
Disposal ………………………. 35
The Roles of Informed Private Sector in
Integrated Solid Waste
Management in the Achievement of the
Millennium Development
Goals in Lagos Nigeria……………………………………………….. 37
Appraisal of Literature Reviewed
…………………………………… 54
CHAPTER THREE
Research Design ……………………………………………………... 56
Population …………………………………………………………….. 56
Sample and Sampling Technique
…………………………………… 57
Research Instrument
………………………………………………….. 57
Validity of Research Instrument
……………………………………… 57
Reliability of Research Instrument
…………………………………… 57
Method of Data Collection
…………………………………………… 58
Method of Data Analysis
…………………………………………….. 58
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation of
Demographic Data …………………………………… 59
Analysis of Data
and Testing of Hypotheses ………………………… 60
Discussion of
Findings ………………………………………………. 65
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary
…………………………………………………………….. 69
Conclusion
…………………………………………………………… 70
Recommendation
……………………………………………………. 70
Reference
…………………………………………………………….. 72
Appendix
…………………………………………………………….. 77
chapter one
introduction
Background
to the Study
Even
though urbanization serves as a driving force for economic growth and
development (Tannerfeldt and Perljung, 2006).
The resulting effects of rapid urbanization on human health, livelihood
and the environment, shelter and sanitation especially on the disposal of waste
that the cities generates are staggering with challenges such as slum
development and environmental degradation as well as compromised health as a
result of exposure to the solid wastes dumped very close to human residents.
The
end of the 1980s saw a radical reappraisal of our concerns over resource
availability and use, the environmental consequences of resource exploitation
and the relationship between the environment, poverty and economic change. This
re-appraisal has given rise to a new approach to environment issues - an
approach which seeks to reconcile human needs and the capacity of the
environment to cope with the consequences of economic system. This approach is
called sustainable development. Sustainable development is an implied
development without destruction, it is the judicious use of non-renewable
resources for the present and future generations, which are non-renewable
resources, must be used at a judicious rate, neither too fast nor too slow and
to ensure that the natural wealth that they represent is converted into
long-term wealth as they are used (Adara, 2007).
In
Nigeria, Agunwamba (2008) succinctly put it as sustainable development without
jeopardizing future development, meaning that in our efforts to explore and
exploit the natural resources to serve us, there is an obvious paradox evident
in the need to ensure economic development, while protecting the environment.
It is important to note that there must be a balance between levels of
development and the stock of natural resources, that is, development must be at
a level that can be sustained without prejudice to the natural environment or
to future generations.
Adara,
(2007) asserted that if there is to be sustainable development in waste
management in Nigeria, the availability of land (for landfill), human
resources, plant and equipment and other tools including capital must be
readily available. We need to protect future for the next generation by
cleaning up our environment of all types of waste, taking into consideration
both physical and population development of the state. As such waste management
must mean the collection, keeping, treatment and disposal of wastes in such a
way as to render it harmless to human and animal life, the ecology and the
environment generally.
The
federal environmental protection act (1988) does not define “waste”, however
Waste as the term implies is any solid, liquid or gaseous substances or
materials which being a scrap or being super flows, refuse or reject, is
disposed off or required to be disposed as unwanted. One of the few statues in
Nigeria, which attempts to define waste is the Lagos State Environmental Edicts
1985, there in Section 32, waste is define as follows: Waste includes:
i.
Waste of all description.
ii.
Any substance, which constitutes
scrap materials or an effluent or other unwanted surplus substances arising
from the application of any process.
The
generation and disposal of waste is an intrinsic part of any developing or
industrial society. Waste, both from domestic and commercial sources has grown
significantly in Nigeria over the past decade. Every time a householder shops
at the store, and open market he contributes to the mountain of waste. It is
possible to quote figures which show that the production of waste amounts to
millions of tons. The percent of Nigeria’s population living in cities and
urban areas has more than doubled in the last 15 years (Jimoh, 2005). The
cities and urban areas experience continuous growth which contributes to
enormous in generation of solid and liquid waste. The management of waste is a
matter of national and international concern. The volume of waste does not
actually constitute the problem but the ability or inability of governments,
individuals and waste disposal firms to keep up with the task of managing waste
and the environment. There is no doubt that a dirty environment affects the
standard of living, aesthetic sensibilities, health of the people and thus the
quality of their lives (Mowoe, 2000).
Statement
of the Problem
Uncontrolled
and poorly managed solid wastes diminishes the quality of life in Lagos
metropolis. It must be acknowledged that although wastes from homes, businesses
and institutions make up a small part of the total load of solid wastes
generated by Lagos state, they are certainly the most offensive and most
dangerous to health when they accumulate near residential points. Several waste
management agencies have set up programmes and strategies aimed at creating a
positive attitude towards indiscriminate disposal of refuse. Some of these
efforts are provision of trained/professional waste managers, effective
monitoring and control, awareness campaign etc, inspite of all these, the
researcher observed that the state of solid refuse disposal has worsened. It
was based on this premise that this study investigated solid wastes disposal as
a determining factor of environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo
Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of this study was to determine
the influence of solid
wastes disposal as a determining factor of environmental insecurity among
residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Significance
of the study
This study was determined to assess the
influence of solid wastes
disposal as a determining factor on environmental insecurity among residents of
Ejigbo Local Government Area of Lagos State. The study may create
awareness on how to protect ourselves from health hazards as a result of
polluted environment. It may also enlighten people on the need to articulate
cogent solid waste management strategies in order to improve their living
environment. It would assist the government to focus attention in formulating
policies that might make waste disposal management services beneficial to the
entire populace.
Research
Questions
The following research questions were
raised.
1. Will
adequate funding for domestic waste management agencies have any influence on
environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in
Lagos State?
2. Will
provision of trained/professional waste managers have any influence on
environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos
State?
3. Will
effective monitoring and control have any influence on environmental insecurity
among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos State?
4. Will
adequate modern technology in implementing efficient waste management methods
have any influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local
Government Area in Lagos State?
5. Will
awareness campaign have any influence on environmental insecurity among
residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos State?
6.
Will grassroots participation programme
have any influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local
Government Area in Lagos State?
Research
Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were
tested.
1.
Adequate funding for domestic waste
management agencies will have no influence on environmental insecurity among
residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos State.
2.
Provision of trained/professional waste
managers will have no influence on environmental insecurity among residents of
Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos State.
3.
Effective monitoring and control will have
no influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local
Government Area in Lagos State.
4.
Adequate modern technology in implementing
efficient waste management methods will have no influence on environmental
insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in Lagos State.
5.
Awareness campaign will have no influence
on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local Government Area in
Lagos State.
6.
Grassroots participation programme will
have no influence on environmental insecurity among residents of Ejigbo Local
Government Area in Lagos State.
Delimitation
of the Study
This study was delimited to the following:
1.
Descriptive Survey research design
2.
Ejigbo Local Government Area of Lagos
state
3.
Five hundred (500) adults (comprising men
and women aged above 21) will be selected using the convenient sampling method
4.
Use of questionnaire, simple frequency
counts of percentage will be used in the presentation of demographic data while
inferential statistics of t-test will be used in testing the stated hypotheses
at 0.05 level of significance
Limitation
of the Study
The researcher encountered challenges in
the area of questionnaire distribution as many respondents refuse to fill the
questionnaire statement thinking it’s a waste of time and energy but the
researcher was able to manage all the challenges by explaining to the
respondents the importance of the research work.
Operational
Definition of Key Terms
Indiscriminate:
Action without careful judgment
Waste:
Materials that are no longer needed and are thrown away
Environment: Refers
to the land, air, water and all that surrounds living organism and affects it.
Waste
management: prevention by prior planning scientifically
for problems appearing and solution.
Facilities:
physical
materials that are involved in the waste disposal management services.
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