ABSTRACT
Two decades of research into educational production
functions have produced startlingly consistent results: Variations in school
expenditures are not systematically related to variations in student
performance. Enormous differences in teacher quality exist, but differences in
teacher skill are not strongly related to educational backgrounds, amount of
teaching experience, or teaching in small classes. Further, more skilled
teachers simply are not regularly paid more than less skilled teachers. These
findings suggest that school decision making must move away from traditional
“input directed” policies to ones providing performance
incentives. The concentration on expenditure differences in, for
example, school finance court cases or legislative deliberations, appears
misguided given the evidence.
Table
of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1.2 AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
1.4
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING DATA
COLLECTION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1
RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 DATA
COLLECTION
3.3
POPULATION
OF THE STUDY
3.4
SAMPLING DESIGN AND
PROCEDURES
3.5
DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
3.6 DATA
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 A
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE CHAPTER
4.2 RESPONDENTS
CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION
4.3
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
ACCORDING TO RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4.4 TEST
OF HYPOTHESES
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
ONE
1.2 INTRODUCTION
Until
recently, education spending has enjoyed healthy year-on-year increases, but
that is set to change. Along with most areas of government spending, education
spending is set to shrink over the current Spending Review period. What will be
the size of the total cuts and how will they be shared across different areas
of education spending? Somewhat surprisingly, the answers to these questions
cannot be easily found in current data published by the government.
In
this Briefing Note, we produce new estimates of the likely cuts to overall Student
spending on education in the Nigeria up to 2014-15. We have also pieced
together various published plans for grants and specific components of
education spending. This provides the most comprehensive analysis of the
pattern of cuts across different areas of education spending published to date.
We also analyse which types of schools are likely to see the largest increases
in funding and which are likely to see real-terms cuts.
Throughout
this Briefing Note, we focus on changes to the financial inputs into the
education system rather than the outputs from it, such as young people's exam
results or earnings potential. We are concerned about the level of these
inputs, of course, to the extent that they translate into the desired outputs.
One would generally expect lower levels of financial inputs to make it tougher
to deliver improvements in such outputs. Furthermore, even if there are
offsetting improvements in the productivity of the inputs into education, such
improvements could well have taken place in the absence of cuts to those
financial inputs.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The following are what the researcher
work intends to achieve.
1. To determine the statistical
analysis of students expenditure in Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo.
2. To determine the reason why
student spend much in Imo State Polytechnic.
3. To estimate students
average weekly expenditure on drinking and Smoking.
4. To determine
whether the rate on expenditure in Imo State Polytechnic is too high.
1.3
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study covers all the 2007 /2008 regular students of the Imo State
Polytechnic Umuagwo. Hence the target population consists of all the students
of various departments excluding all the preliminary students and evening
students.
Secondly, due to some resources, time and financial constraints, and for the
reason that it will be laborious to carry out the survey on the entire
population of all the students in a sample of the population will be
considered.
1.4 PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED DURING DATA COLLECTION
It will be helpful to enumerate some of the problems the researcher encountered
during the survey.
There was a problem
of refusal and loss of questionnaires. Some students refused to fill the
questionnaires claiming that they do not have time. Some respondents
decided to go home with ones allocated to them and refused to bring them back.
The researcher finds
it difficult to distribute, the questionnaires to the particular level of
student he is researching for.
Some respondent completed the questionnaires wrongly. Some ticked more
than one option where only one option was required. While some filled in
unrelated replies to the spaces provided, thereby making the questionnaire
invalid.
Some respondents returned the questionnaires very late.
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