STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON RATE OF MALERIA CASES FROM 2015 TO 2022 (A CASE STUDY OF RASHEED SHAKONI TEACHING HOSPITAL, DUTSE)

Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is preventable and curable. The infection is caused by a parasite and does not spread from person to person. Symptoms can be mild or life-threatening. ill symptoms are fever, chills and headache. Severe symptoms include fatigue, confusion, seizures, and difficulty breathing. Infants, children under 5 years, pregnant women, travelers and people with HIV or AIDS are at higher risk of severe infection. Malaria can be prevented by avoiding mosquito bites and with medicines. Treatments can stop mild cases from getting worse. Malaria mostly spreads to people through the bites of some infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Blood transfusion and contaminated needles may also transmit malaria. The first symptoms may be mild, similar to many febrile illnesses, and difficulty to recognise as malaria. Left untreated, P. falciparum malaria can progress to severe illness and death within 24 hours. There are 5 Plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in humans and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P. vivax – pose the greatest threat. P. falciparum is the deadliest malaria parasite and the most prevalent on the African continent. P. vivax is the dominant malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa. The other malaria species which can infect humans are P. malariae, P. ovale and P. Knowles. another word Malaria: is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fever, shaking Cahill's, and flu like illness. Four kinds of malaria parasite infects humans.  This is mostly probably due to the fact that the medical world has been able to effectively unmask all malaria related subject, most importantly its cure. Malaria account for 60% of and patient visits and 30% of hospitalization among children under five AS of age in Nigeria malaria is one of the most important public health problems in the world.

1.1       Historical background of the study

According 96 to August 1998 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha, and then of Kwara State from August 1998 to May 1999 during the transitional regime of General Abdulsalami Abubakar, He built the Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital in Dutse, capital of Jigawa state, but it was then abandoned for ten years before it could be equipped and put to use, The Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital is a Public hospital, located at  Madobi, Dutse Local Government, Jigawa State.  It was  established on 1/1/2008, and operates on 24hrs basis. The Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital is Licensed hospital by the Nigeria Ministry of Health, with facility code 17/06/1/2/1/0003 and registered as Secondary Health Care Centre. JCHEM. , CA, 12 Nurses/Midwives, 2 Environmentalist, 3 Combed, 5 Health Information Technicians, 4 Health Information Officers, 6 pharmacist, 10 pharmacy technicians, 2 radiologist, 4 X-ray technicians, 3 physiotherapist, 6 laboratory scientist, 12 medical lab technicians, 8 medical laboratory assistants, I dentist, 1 dental therapist 6 dental technicians, 3 environmental officer, 10 Medical Doctors, 103 Health Attendants and 116 , accident and emergency, medical Laboratory, TB Dots, Ophthalmology. Antenatal care, postnatal care, physiotherapy, auntie immunization, ultra sound scanning. Gynecology, X-ray counseling and testing of HIV/AIDs, outreach, family planning, RVD management and care PMTCT services, surgery, nutrition and institution and imitational feeding, health information and record keeping. Dental, environmental sanitation, social welfare, Laundry.

1.2       Statement of the Problems

Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in 97 countries and territories in the tropics and subtropics. Globally, approximately 214 million cases of malaria occur annually and 32 billion people are at risk of the infection the above stated problem in mind therefore this research work is intended and proposed so as to find out the rate at which the malaria cases is occurring is it going higher or lower? Whatever in particular and those of Jigawa or Nigeria in general can have an idea on the malaria infection and consequently take appropriate action to tackle it.

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this study is to analysis data on malaria cases that report to Rasheed shekoni Teaching hospital Dutse from period of 2015 to 2022 the data taking monthly.

The objectives of the study; are as follows

i.                    To identify the pattern of malaria cases for the period,

ii.                  To identified if the heisseasonalityintheseries,

     iii .To fit a linear model for yearly cases from 2015 to 2022,

iv To forecast for 2023 and 2024

1.4       Scope and Limitation of the Study

The research project is focus on reported malaria cases for the period from 2015 to 2022 in the Rasheed Shekoni Teaching hospital Dutse. And age group children under five years male and female.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study of the impact of the environment on the distribution of parasitic cases of malaria , in rasheed shekoni teaching hospitalareas is highly significant for several reasons:

        i.            Public Health Importance: Understanding the environmental factors that influence the distribution of parasitic infections is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. By identifying high-risk areas and targeting interventions accordingly, public health authorities can reduce the burden of parasitic infections and improve health outcomes.

      ii.            Local Relevance: Dutse is a region heavily affected by malaria fever, with a high prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality rates. Investigating the specific environmental factors contributing to malaria transmission in this region will provide locally relevant data to guide targeted interventions and policies.

3. The research will also be of great significance in pointing out the causes, solutions andprevention of malaria cases

1.6       Research Hypothesis and Testing

In this study, the following research hypothesis will be tested

H₀: There is significance be a relationship between gender, and the occurrence of malaria infection attending Rasheed Shekoni Secialist Hospital Dutse.

H₁: There is no any relationship between gender, and the occurrence of malaria infection for patients attending Rasheed Shekoni teaching hospital dutse.

The hypothesis will be tested using appropriate statistical methods such as chi-square test or logistic regression analysis.

1.7       Operational Definition Term used

i. Statistical analysis is a component of data analytic it involves collecting und scrutinizing every data sample in a set of items from which samples can be drawn.

ii. Malaria: an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite from the plasmodium family that can be transmitted by the bite of the ennobles mosquito or by a contaminated needy transmission.

iii. Infection is the invasion of an organisms body tissues by disease causing agents, their multiplication and the reaction host tissues to the infection agents and the toxins they produce.

iv. Children is a young human being below the age the puberty.

v. Non-parametric test: can be used shortcut replacement for more complication test. Non-parametric statistics of making on assumption about the probability distribution of the variance non-parametric model is the former has fixed the number of parametric lettersgrowth the number parametric with the amount of train.

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