STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BIRTH AND DEATH CASES (A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL HOSPITAL DUTSE FROM 2015 TO 2020)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0   Introduction

Funk Wagnall (1979) Define birth rate as number of birth per given number of individual in a specific period of time.

Ehrish paul (1971) Define birth rate as fertility of live births which is measured conventionally as the frequency of birth in the population.

The birth rate in Nigeria was last measured at 41.24 in 2017, according to the World Bank. Crude birth rate indicates the number of live birth occurring during the year per 1,000 population estimated at midyear or quarterly, Subtracting the death rate from the birth rate provides the rate of natural increase which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

According to free dictionary, Death Rate can be said to be ratio of total deaths to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The death rate is often expressed as the number of death per 1,000 of the population per year. It can also be said to be a measure of the number of death (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of death per 1,000 individual per year ,, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of 1,000) in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 death per year in that entire population or 0-95% out of the total. It is district from the so-called “morbidity rate” (a vague berm sometimes used to refer to either the prevalence or incidence of a disease) and also from the incidence rate (the number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time). (By the free dictionary www.thefreedictionary.com.    

1.2 Historical Background of the Study

Dutse General Hospital was established in 1972 as Dutse Comprehensive Health Camber (C.H.C) by the old Kano State Government, the C.H.C was established on 8 August 1986 and then converted to Dutse General Hospital, Commissioned by the Military governor of Kano State, late AVM Hamza Abdullahi FSSPSC. Dutse General Hospital is located in Dutse Metropolitan along Kiyawa Road. It Covers and Area of some 800m and is currently 200  bed capacity, secondary health facility serving as a referral center for all  (Primary Health Care Service) in Dutse and Kiyawa Local Government Areas. It also provides for health care access of 58,581, Total catchment population consisting of 2.343 under I year children 11.716, children less than 5 year, 2929 pregnant women and 12888 women of child bearing age.

The General Hospital is made up of 71 nurses, 24.CH CW, 9CA, 12 Midwives, 3 combed, 5 health information technicians, 4 health information officers, 6. Pharmacist, 10 pharmacy technicians, 2 radiologist 4 x-ray technicians, 3 physicians, 8 medical laboratory assistant, I dentist, I dental therapist, 3 environmental officers, 10 medical doctors 13 health attendants, and 116 casual staff including NYSC Members.

1.3 Statement of the Problems

in 2017,it was reported in the journals and publication of the Nigeria population commission that out of every thousand give birth in Nigeria, the greater sex ratio at birth of these birth are female gender. also in the pamplet published in 2017 by the Federal Ministry of Health, aut of every birth in Nigeria, sixty five are (65)are female

     Therefore the main reason to undertaking this study is to investigate if there is significant difference between the male and female live birth in Dutse General Hospital.

1.4 Aim and Objectives

The main aim of this research is to analyses on birth and death cases reported to Dutse General Hospital from 2015 to 2020

However, the specific objectives of the research are as follows.

(1)To identify sex ratio at birth

(2)To identify the crude birth rate

(3)To identify crude death rate

1.5 Significance of the Study

This project will serve as a data base and source of information for the Government, non –Governmental organization, and Research institution or individuals wishing to know about the birth and death rate cases reported to Dutse General Hospital. It can also serve as guides for anybody who want to undertake a research in the same or related field of study.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the research work is limited to the number of incident of birth and death recorded at Dutse General Hospital, Jigawa State from 2015 to 2020.

However the research work is reduced to as such because of the research’s limitation in terms of manpower, resources and time.